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Alice Neel My Animals and Other Family

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14 October – 19 December 2014
Victoria Miro Mayfair, 14 St George Street, London W1S 1FE



One of the foremost and most engaging twentieth century American portraitists, Neel produced a body of work that is intimate, casual, personal and direct.

Neel was a keen observer of life, and in addition to her penetrating studies of people, she focused her attention on her surroundings, be it in the form of still life, landscape or impromptu vignette. Within the domestic habitat of her family, animals—especially cats and dogs—were a part of her daily life. As a result, over the course of her career from the 1930s until her death in 1984, we find fascinating examples of works that include or focus on particular animals. This exhibition features a group of paintings and drawings in which Neel captures the character and spirit of people and of animals.

In her animal portrayals as in her other work, Neel responded directly to what was in front of her. With all her subjects, human and animal, Neel had a talent for identifying particular gestures and mannerisms that reveal the singular and unique identities of her sitters.

Neel’s portrayal of animals in her work was varied. In some paintings they were presented in conjunction with a person in a portrait, other times as a vignette of daily life, sometimes they were rendered from memory and occasionally they were presented as an actual, very individual portrait.

In many of these works a human figure is seen with a dog or cat in double portraits that convey a sense of the bond between human and animal. 




Eddie Zuckermandel and the Cat shows the titular subject seated behind a table, a small Siamese cat in his lap. The two characters are lit from above, casting their faces in a similar deep triangular shadow.




 In Carol and the Dog, the blonde hair, fair skin and pale green dress of the woman contrast with the black fur and deep red eyes of the poodle by her side. In her painting of Lushka, 1974, the dog is clearly the subject of what we would actually call a portrait. Like her paintings of people, Neel presents the dog in a frontal position, looking straight at the artist and the viewer.



In contrast with these studies from life, Nadya and the Wolf 



and Lushka, 1970

have a more enigmatic quality, in which the sitters appear to be taking part in an ambiguous mythological or metaphorical scenario.

Neel’s animals can be seen as human companions, but equally they are characters in their own right, as colourful and specific as the people portrayed by the artist. This exhibition represents a cross-section of this fascinating and diverse body of work.

Recent posthumous solo exhibitions have included Alice Neel: Intimate Relations at Nordiska Akvarellmuseet, Skarhamn (2013); Alice Neel: Painted Truths, a retrospective that toured to the Museum of Fine Arts Houston (2010), the Whitechapel Art Gallery, London (2010) and the Moderna Museet, Malmö (2010-11); Collector of Souls at the Moderna Museet, Stockholm (2008) and Alice Neel, organised by the Philadelphia Museum of Art that travelled to the Whitney Museum of American Art (2000). Her work is in the collections of major museums including the the Art Institute of Chicago; the Brooklyn Museum of Art, New York; the Denver Art Museum; the Milwaukee Art Museum; the Moderna Museet, Stockholm; the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles; the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; the Museum of Modern Art, New York; the Philadelphia Museum of Art; Tate, London and the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York. 

Outstanding article, lots more images

Christie’s Impressionist & Modern Art November 5: Manet. Leger, Magritte, Monet, Renoir, Picasso, Braque, Pissarro, Miro, Schiele

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Christie’s upcoming Evening Sale of Impressionist & Modern Art at Rockefeller Center on November 5 will be led by two pivotal works of the Impressionist and Modern movements –  Edouard Manet’s Le Printemps (estimate: $25-35 million) and Fernand Léger’s Les constructeurs avec arbre ($16-22 million). 


    Fernand Léger’s Les constructeurs avec arbre, (estimate: $16-22 million), is an important example from the artist’s rarely offered and highly coveted Constructors series. Known as the “painter of the machine age”, Léger was captivated by themes of construction and engineering, using them in his work as a symbol of man’s creative power in an industrialized modern world. In the years 1949-1950, he painted Les constructeurs avec arbre, using it as the model for the what would become the final acclaimed painting in this series, Les constructeurs à l’aloès.
    • The Constructor series is Léger's homage to the salt-of-the-earth working man, both as a class within French society and in the industrialized world generally, and as a more universal symbol of homo faber — man the maker and builder.
    • The emphasis that Léger devoted to the configuration of the four workmen in this study resulted in this picture becoming the most strongly characterized of the large compositions in this series.
    • At the upper left, one of the four construction workers perched on the girders of this building-in-progress is applying his muscular physique to the job. Two other men exchange greetings, and the fourth, perhaps a member of the architectural team that designed this structure, gazes dreamily away from the scene. This figure is thought to be Léger’s portrayal of himself as a young man.

    Currently on an international tour to Asia and Europe, the top lot of the Evening Sale is Edouard Manet’s masterpiece portrait, Le Printemps (estimate: $25-35 million). Encapsulating all the major themes of the early modern period, from nature and femininity to society and fashion, Springtime is one of Manet’s best known and most widely reproduced works, and perfectly exemplifies the revolutionary style that Manet embraced.
    • The portrait depicts the actress Jeanne Demarsy, cast as an allegory of spring. She also appears in the background of Manet’s iconic scene Un bar aux Folies-Bergere. Both paintings were exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1882, and together they sealed Manet’s fame as a titan of modern-era painting.
    • This masterwork comes completely fresh to the market, having remained in the same collection for over a century and been on loan for the last two decades at the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C.    Of the 30 paintings that Manet exhibited at the Salon over the course of his lifetime, this is the last remaining in private hands.
    • Proceeds from its sale will benefit a private American foundation supporting environmental, public health and other charitable causes.s. 
    • Click here to view the complete press release.


    In keeping with growing demand for Surrealist works, particularly by René Magritte, Christie’s is pleased to present three important works by the Belgian master, each representing a distinct period and theme in the artist’s career.



    • Mesdemoiselles de l’Isle Adam belonged to Gustave Nellens, owner of the seaside Casino Communal at Knokke-Le-Zoute in Belgium, who commissioned Magritte in 1953 to design the  panoramic mural Le domaine enchanté.
    • Monumental in size, Mesdemoiselles de l’Isle Adam, encompasses two of the artist’s signature elements, the nude female, and a blue sky, which Magritte fashions as both the background and the foreground with his dexterous use of cut-outs.

    • Magritte painted L’ombre céleste in 1927, in the first of three years that he spent in Paris. Magritte’s time in Paris has been described as the most creative period in his career.
    • This work was included in MoMA’s controversial and groundbreaking exhibition, Fantastic Art, Dada, Surrealismfrom December 1936-January 1937.
    • L’ombre celeste was acquired by Beth Straus in the early 1960’s from the New Art Center in New York, with whom it remained until 1976, when the present owner received it by descent.


    • The artist explained the title, La vie privée, saying “Every person has a private life which, on further acquaintance, can be perceived as through a window”.

    Egon Schiele’s Stadt am blauen Fluss (Krumau)was executed in the summer of 1910, at a critical turning point in the artist’s career (estimate: $800,000-1,200,000)  Schiele traded the claustrophobic confines of Vienna for the summer in favor of the Bohemian landscape, seeking to pare down his style of landscape painting to its most essential elements, just as he had with figure painting previously.  The metamorphosis can be seen in 10 landscape paintings from that summer though the present landscape is one of only three outdoor subjects executed that year in non-opaque watercolor.
    • Schiele visualized the scene from a bluff overlooking the Moldau River, gazing toward a bend in the river on the eastern outskirts of the medieval Bohemian town of Krumau.
    • In contrast to the technique of post-Impressionist brushwork, Schiele allowed his fluid colors loose rein, contained within a framework of quickly drawn lines; the composition of Stadt am blauen Fluss is a startling demonstration of distance and space, stacked vertically in the flat modernist manner.
    • This rare landscape represents one of the most stunning stylistic transformations to have been achieved in 20thcentury painting.   Stadt am blauen Fluss is being offered for sale pursuant to the successful resolution of a restitution settlement agreement between the consignor and the Grünbaum Heirs, which allows for clear title to the work.
    Among the other works to be sold

    Impressionist :








    Surrealist:




    Cubist:







      Modern:





      Three by Claude Monet: Sotheby’s Impressionist & Modern Art Evening Sale In New York on 4 November 2014

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      Sotheby’s will present three remarkable paintings by Claude Monet from an important American collection in its Evening Sale of Impressionist & Modern Art in New York on 4 November 2014. Created in the 1880s and ‘90s, the works trace the evolution of Monet's style as he challenged the limits of High Impressionism and experimented with an approach that would culminate in the Series Paintings of his later years. 



      Alice Hoschedé au jardin Painted in 1881
 - Estimate $25/35 million

      Monet painted Alice Hoschedé au jardinin 1881 as a new chapter of his life was unfolding. Seated among the flowers is Alice Hoschedé, the artist's 37-year-old lover and the wife of his close friend and patron Ernst Hoschedé. The composition is lavished with all of the hallmarks of a great Impressionist composition, with its vivid color palette, intermingling of the natural elements and interplay of light and shadow.

      Monet himself selected Alice Hoschedé au jardin for exhibition in 1889. At the Monet-Rodin show that debuted at the Galerie Georges Petit in Paris, Monet selected one painting for each year of his career between 1864 and 1884, in addition to several more recent works – he chose the present painting to represent his work of 1881. The canvas entered the collection of Catholina Lambert of Patterson, New Jersey in 1891, making it one of the earliest Impressionist pictures to arrive in the United States.




      Sous les Peupliers Painted in 1887 - Estimate $12/18 million

      Monet’s Sous les Peupliers is among the finest evocations of the French countryside that the artist painted in the 1880s. Its rich surface exemplifies the technical virtuosity Monet had achieved by the end of the decade. The idyllic agrarian subject matter of this work encapsulates the central focus of Monet’s oeuvre towards the end of the 19th century: he divorced himself from painting urban scenes and the banlieue of Paris, and devoted himself fully to his beloved countryside, with it majestic avenues of poplar trees, canals and wheat fields.




      Église de Vernon, soleil Painted in 1894 - Estimate $7/9 million

      Eglise de Vernon, soleilis the crowning achievement from the artist's series of paintings depicting the tranquil town of Vernon, with its resplendent reflection in the nearby Seine. During the spring of 1894, Monet repeatedly addressed the theme of reflection in his paintings of the Seine. Starting with a few relatively simple views of the river at Port-Villez, before moving downstream to tackle the more varied riverbanks at Vernon, Monet devoted a large proportion of his output that year to the French countryside surrounding his home at Giverny.



      Thomas Cole's Voyage of Life at The Chrysler Museum of Art

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      It's the story of Everyman, beautifully told by one of the founding fathers of American art. The Chrysler Museum of Art presents Thomas Cole's Voyage of Life, a special exhibition of some of the finest—and largest—works by our country's greatest landscape painter. This show will be on view from October 21, 2014 through January 18, 2015. Admission is free.
      The centerpiece of this exhibition is the iconic series The Voyage of Life (1839–40), the most famous and beloved work of landscape master Thomas Cole (1801–1848). Spanning four monumental canvases, Voyage of Life takes viewers on a journey through 



      Childhood, 



      Youth, 



      Manhood



      and Old Age

      presenting each stage as the progress of an everyday voyager along a grand but treacherous river. 

      These masterpieces from the collection of the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Museum of Art in Utica, N.Y., are rarely loaned to other museums, and they embark on this historic tour together with a choice group of seldom-exhibited preliminary studies and early prints.
      Voyage of Life is the finest and most celebrated example of what Cole called a "higher style of landscape," through which he aimed to illustrate moral messages with the beauty of nature. The artist began his career with illustrations of the forests, rivers, and mountains of Hudson River Valley and Catskill Mountains of upstate New York. Based on these works, Cole is remembered as the inventor of the Hudson River School of landscape painting and one of the first artists to define a distinctly American style of art. Cole, however, always aspired to be more than "a mere leaf painter." Thus, for this monumental series, he combined his expertise in landscape painting with an epic story of faith and perseverance, celebrating nature as a source of religious and poetic inspiration.
      This series was widely admired, and reproductions of it decorated parlors throughout America in the mid- and late-1800s. The Chrysler's exhibition traces not only the creation of the Voyage of Life, but also the spread of its popularity thanks to the new technologies of printmaking and photography. In 1842 Cole added to its fame by painting a second version of the series, now in the collection of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.
      To enhance the exhibition, the Chrysler will hang the paintings opposite its own Thomas Cole masterpiece, 



      The Angel Appearing to the Shepherds (1833–34). 

      While works in Voyage of Life are each over seven feet wide framed, The Angel Appearing to the Shepherds is the largest single canvas that Cole ever painted, covering almost 16 horizontal feet of wall space.
      This exhibition will be on view in other American cities, but The Angel Appearing to the Shepherds is unlikely ever to travel, due to its size and fragility, Mann noted. The painting once belonged to the Boston Athenaeum, but after being rolled up in storage for generations, it was purchased by Walter P. Chrysler, Jr. in 1980 and immediately given to the Chrysler Museum. Scholars have written about similarities between this work and Voyage of Life, but the paintings have never before been exhibited collectively. This makes the Norfolk exhibition a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to see these Cole masterworks together.
      "We alone are uniting an artist's early masterpiece with his signature achievement," says Mann. "In one, we see youthful ambition and potential. On the opposite wall, we have mature talent and professional triumph."
      Thomas Cole's Voyage of Life will be on view in the Penny and Peter Meredith Gallery, a newly expanded and refurbished space in the heart of the Museum's Brock Wing of American Art. The show will include an interactive touch-screen kiosk for deeper exploration of Cole's life and career, and The Museum Shop will offer a beautifully illustrated, 80-page exhibition catalogue for sale ($24.99).

      El Greco in New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art and The Frick Collection

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      To commemorate the 400th anniversary of the death of El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos, 1541–1614), a special collaboration will bring together all of the artist’s paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art’s collection, the finest outside the Museo del Prado in Madrid, and six loans from the Hispanic Society of America, November 4, 2014–February 1, 2015.
      During the same period, New York’s Frick Collection, whose works by this artist cannot be lent, will exhibit its three El Greco pictures together for the first time. El Greco at The Frick Collection, on view November 4, 2014, through February 1, 2015, will unite its three remarkable El Greco paintings—Purification of the Temple and the portraits of Vincenzo Anastagi and St. Jerome—showing them together, for the first time, on one wall of the museum’s East Gallery.
      Works on View at The Frick Collection:
      vfc
      Saint Jerome (1905.1.67)
      vv
      Portrait of Vincenzo Anastagi (1913.1.68)
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      Purification of the Temple (1909.1.66)

      On view at the Metropolitan Museum beginning November 4, 2014, El Greco in New York will be, in effect, a mini-retrospective of the artist, with the nine paintings from the Metropolitan Museum and six from the Hispanic Society of America spanning El Greco’s entire career, from his arrival in Venice in 1567, through his move to Rome in 1570 and his long residence in Toledo, Spain, from 1577 until his death in 1614.
      El Greco’s religious paintings, portraits, and The View of Toledo, a masterpiece of the Metropolitan Museum’s collection, will make this presentation a unique experience. Few Old Master painters have exercised such a profound influence on modern art as has El Greco, one of the most original artists of the European tradition.
      Exhibition Credits
      El Greco in New York is organized by Keith Christiansen, John Pope-Hennessy Chairman of the Department of European Paintings, and Walter Liedtke, Curator in the Department of European Paintings, both at the Metropolitan Museum.
      Works on View at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in El Greco in New York:
      vdf
      The Miracle of Christ Healing the Blind (1978.416)
      fert
      Christ Carrying the Cross (1975.1.145)
      werrt
      The View of Toledo (29.100.6)
      qaw
      Portrait of a Man (possibly a self-portrait) (24.197.1)
      dfh
      Saint Jerome as a Cardinal (1975.1.146)
      kkll
      Portrait of a Cardinal, Probably Cardinal Don Fernando Niño de Guevara (29.100.5)
      fff
      The Adoration of the Shepherds (05.42)
      rffe
      The Adoration of the Shepherds (41.190.17)
      rtyu
      The Vision of Saint John (56.48)
      gjkj
      The Pietà (Hispanic Society of America no. A69)
      ryik
      Saint Luke (Hispanic Society of America no. A1894)
      erty
      The Holy Family (Hispanic Society of America no. A74)
      rty u
      rsddf
      Penitent Saint Jerome (Hispanic Society of America no. A73)
      ety
      Portrait of a Man (miniature: Hispanic Society of America no. A311)

      Picasso Through the Eyes of a Connoisseur: Sales at Sotheby's Nov. 3-5

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      Picasso Through the Eyes of a Connoisseur is a collection of over 125 etchings, linoleum cuts, paintings, sculptures, lithographs and ceramics by one of the most influential artists of the 20th century. The offerings begin with a single owner sale of Prints on 3 November 2014 that presents a comprehensive view of Pablo Picasso’s entire career – from 1923 Le Collier to works from the 1970s – with estimates ranging from a few thousand to $600,000.

       Led by a number of Picasso’s most celebrated works, including 



      Portrait de Femme au Chapeau a Pompons et au Corsage Imprime from 1962 (est. $400/600,000) 



      and Portrait de Jeune Fille d'après Cranach le Jeune, II (est. $400/600,000) from 1958, 

      the breadth of the collection illustrates the artist’s wide ranging iconography. Paintings and drawings by Picasso will also be included in the 4 & 5 November Impressionist and Modern Art Evening and Day sales.

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      Throughout his career, Picasso mastered various artistic mediums including drawing, painting, sculpture, ceramics, printmaking, set design and illustration. While most often associated with the Cubist movement, Picasso used etching, drypoint, aquatint, lithography and linoleum cuts for their intrinsic artistic properties from the early 1900’s until just a few months before his death. The present collection a veritable survey collection of Picasso’s career and capabilities as a printmaker, painstakingly assembled by a private American collector over several decades, admirably demonstrates Picasso’s ability to evolve, to innovate and to project his visual vocabulary in multiple media.

      In addition to examples of some of Picasso’s most iconic and sought-after works, other highlights from the collection celebrate the artist’s technical skill and quest to capture the essence of a subject over the course of many stages of the image’s progression. 

      Femme aux Cheveux Verts is a set of eight lithographs from 1949 depicting Françoise Gilot, Picasso’s lover and muse, in various phases – lacking hair, lacking a face, lacking color (est. $400/600,000). The viewer is able to see over the course of the eight states how a composition can be revised and how each phase contributes to the final work.

      The collection also reveals Picasso’s mastery of three dimensional media, including 



      a 23 karat gold plate from 1956 entitled Jacqueline au Chevalet (est. $150/250,000). 

      Again using a wife, Jacqueline Roque, as subject matter; the gold plate depicts her at an easel – the reversal of her in control of easel is a rare repositioning of the role his muses played in his work. 

      Ceramics in the collection range from $3,000 to $250,000 offering plates, statuettes, plaques and vases also including Personnages et Têtes from 1954 (est. $80/120,000) and a 23 carat gold figure entitled Joueur de Cymbale from 1960 (est. $50/80,000).

      A painting by Picasso will be offered in the Impressionist & Modern Art Evening Sale on 4 November 2014. Depicting Picasso’s lover and “golden muse,” 



      Femme au Col de Fourrure (Marie-Thérèse) from 1937 is estimated at $4/6 million. Painted two years after the birth of the couple’s daughter Maya, the picture illustrates the inventiveness, energy and passion that Marie-Thérèse inspired during the Surrealist period. 

      Picasso drawings, including Harlequin et Femme Nue from 1969 (est. $250/350,000) and Le Retournant de la Paix from 1962 (est. $70/90,000) will be offered in Impressionist & Modern Art Day Sale on 5 November 2014. 

      Two additional works from the collection, 



      Henri Matisse’s Nu Allongée (est. $150/250,000) dated 1921 




      and L'écuyère au Cheval Blanc (est. $600/800,000) by Marc Chagall from 1927, 

      will also be included in the Day Sale. 

      Watercolors by Homer: The Color of Light

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      The Art Institute of Chicago presented Watercolors by Winslow Homer: The Color
      of Light,  130 works that reveal Homer’s astounding mastery of watercolor,
      exploring how he unlocked the secrets of the medium over a period of more than three
      decades.  
      Offering the most comprehensive exhibition of Homer’s watercolors in decades, Watercolors by Winslow Homer: The Color of Lightwas organized by and mounted exclusively at the Art Institute. The exhibition was view February 16–May 10, 2008.


      After the Hurricane, Bahamas, 1899



      The Watcher, Tynemouth


      “A much richer picture of Winslow Homer as a practicing artist emerges from this exhibition,” said Martha Tedeschi, curator of prints and drawings at the Art Institute and
      the exhibition’s curator. “ Homer’s watercolors have often been characterized as free, spontaneous images captured outdoors during fishing trips or in moments of leisure. Indeed many of them do have that feeling—which is exhilarating. But what we found as we investigated more closely using a variety of analytical conservation technologies is that he often put a great deal of thought and careful planning into his watercolors, sometimes changing his mind and making radical alterations to the image. And as this exhibition and its catalogue demonstrate, watercolor was the artist’s favorite way to experiment with new ideas about color and light, two of his central preoccupations. In many ways, Homer’s watercolors reveal him at his most modern, most daring, and most passionate moments. They also speak movingly about his love of nature and offer profound insights about humanity’s place in.”


      The Rapids, Hudson River, Adirondacks



      American painter Winslow Homer (1836–1910) created some of the most breathtaking and influential images in the history of the watercolor medium. He was, famously, a man who received almost no formal artistic education. Acknowledged in his own day as America’s most original and independent watercolorist, he had an intuitive relationship with this challenging medium. Between 1873 and 1905, he created nearly 700 watercolors—an astonishing number. A staple of his livelihood, watercolors were quick drying and portable. The medium became his movable classroom, a way for him to learn through experimentation—with color theory, composition, materials, optics, style, subject matter, and technique—far more freely than he could in the more public and tradition- bound arena of oil painting.



      North Woods Club, Adirondacks (The Interrupted Tete-a-Tete)

      Watercolors by Winslow Homer: The Color of Light was arranged in thematic sections, organized around the different sites where the artist worked. These invited viewers both to look closely at Homer’s watercolor techniques and also to step back in order to appreciate the way he adapted his light effects and color palette to the unique characteristics of the settings where he worked. In an almost uncanny way, Homer’s watercolors nearly always ring true, vividly capturing the tangible sensations of each environment. A total of 130 watercolors, oils, drawings, and prints from public and private collections throughout the United States told the story of Homer’s development as a watercolor artist, chronicling his techniques, materials, and his responses to dramatic settings—the rocky, deserted coast of Maine, the lush habitats of the Adirondack Mountains, and mesmerizing vistas in the Caribbean and Florida. The exhibition demonstrated the central role that watercolor played in helping the artist achieve the fresh, immediate, light-filled scenes that have become his most enduring legacy to American art.



      A beautifully illustrated catalogue accompanied Watercolors by Winslow Homer: The Color of Light. Published by the Art Institute in association with Yale University Press, the 228- page volume presents essays written by Tedeschi and by Art Institute paper conservator Kristi Dahm. The catalogue also includes major contributions by Homer specialist Judith Walsh, associate professor of conservation at Buffalo State University, and by exhibition research assistant Karen Huang. 

      Thomas Roberts: Landscape and Patronage in Eighteenth-Century Ireland

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      This exhibition, which featured some 50 works by Roberts, was the first significant show devoted to the artist and the largest ever gathering of his works. 





      Landscape with Waterfall and Rustic Bridge

      It coincided with the publication of the most comprehensive study on the artist in over 30 years, 'Thomas Roberts: Landscape and Patronage in Eighteenth-Century Ireland', written by William Laffan and Brendan Rooney, who have also curated the National Gallery exhibition. 



       Thomas Roberts: Ideal Landscape ; ca. 1770; National Gallery of Ireland.
      There has not been an in-depth presentation of Roberts's work since the National Gallery's exhibition in 1978 when just 16 works by the artist were on display. Since then, important paintings by Roberts have come to light and now have an opportunity to be admired in full splendor.


      Out of the 64 autograph works assembled for the book, 47 were included in the exhibition, all of which belong to a career that lasted just a decade. Roberts died in Lisbon, tragically young at the age of 28, in 1777, and not in 1778 as previously thought.
      The exhibition focused on key areas of the artist's oeuvre: topographical views of picturesque locations in Dublin, Wicklow and Meath, as well as wonderful views of the north-west of Ireland, featuring subjects painted in and around Lough Erne, Belturbet, Belleek and Ballyshanon. 





      Thomas Roberts` ‘Landscape with Slane Castle’—Oil on canvas Exhibited at the Pyms Gallery, London (Public Domain)

      There were examples of his storm scenes and ideal landscapes and the wonderful demesne views of Dawson Grove, Co. Monaghan, Slane, Co. Meath, and the Casino at Marino. 




      Landscape with two men and a horse 

      Unique to the exhibition was Roberts's series of views of some of Ireland's finest demesnes such as the Lucan series, and the complete set of views at Carton, Co. Kildare. 

      Also included was a rare portrait of the artist by Hugh Douglas Hamilton (recently acquired by the National Gallery of Ireland), as well as paintings by Roberts's teachers; George Mullins and John Butts, and his contemporaries George Barret, Robert Carver and William Ashford.
      Thomas Roberts was born in Waterford, in 1748, the son of architect, 'Honest John' Roberts (1714-1796), who is synonymous with the two Cathedrals in Waterford.
      In 1762, Roberts enrolled in the Dublin Society Drawing Schools where he trained under George Mullins (fl.1756-1775/6), a distinguished landscape painter in his own right, and the Cork born artist, John Butts (c.1728-65). Roberts developed a distinctive approach to landscape painting. His close attention to detail of the Irish landscape, together with an instinctive ability in capturing the effects of nature, earned him critical acclaim during his short career.
      As a consequence, he invited great interest and subsequent patronage from some of the highest ranking figures in Ireland, among them Sir Ralph Gore, Earl of Ross, and Viscount Belleisle (Belle Isle at Lough Erne); Thomas Dawson, Baron Dartrey (Dawson Grove, Co. Monaghan), Lord Charlemont (Marino), the Veseys of Lucan Demesne and the FitzGeralds of Carton House and Demesne. Roberts was also commissioned by the Leesons of Russborough House.
      The exhibition included many previously unknown works, the majority of which have been assembled from private collections as well as from the National Gallery of Ireland, and other museums in Ireland and abroad. 

      It highlighted the artist's outstanding achievements during his short career spanning the 1760s and 1770s. This together with the thorough study on Roberts by William Laffan and Brendan Rooney, aimed to make his work more widely known which up until now has been little appreciated outside specialist circles. Roberts was an enigmatic figure whose life and work are celebrated in this much anticipated retrospective exhibition and aims to place him in the annals of European landscape painting.



      Strokes of Genius: Italian Drawings from the Goldman Collection

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      The Art Institute of Chicago presents more than 80 masterpieces of Italian draftsmanship selected from the collection of Chicagoans Jean and Steven Goldman in the exhibition Strokes of Genius: Italian Drawings from the Goldman Collection, on view Saturday, November 1, 2014, through Sunday, February 1, 2015.




      Francesco de Rossi, il Salviati. The Head of a Female Warrior, n.d. Jean and Steven Goldman Collection 

      Focusing on the periods of Mannerism and the early Baroque, the exhibition includes nearly 60 drawings never before seen in public. Recent acquisitions of works, ranging from a figure study by Baccio Bandinelli to a composition drawing by Salvator Rosa, are shown with two dozen significant drawings from the Goldmans’ existing collection, including masterpieces by Pietro da Cortona, the Carracci, and Francesco Salviati. 

      The exhibition features many of the Goldmans’ promised gifts to the Art Institute alongside about 20 related works from the museum’s Prints and Drawings Collection that provide greater historical context for this prodigious era of Italian art.

      The exhibition focuses on “The Art of Composition” by displaying drawings from the late 15th to the mid-17th century according to their intended function. Organized by drawing type—figures,
      page1image14112
      head studies, and compositional sketches—Strokes of Genius invites viewers to compare the use of media and technique in each category. Most were executed as working drawings to develop compositions for paintings, sculpture, and decorative arts. 

      This collection provides a unique opportunity to view more than one study for a single project. On display are multiple preparatory sheets for one commission allowing viewers to witness the thought process of the artist as he rejects and changes ideas while searching for his form. 



      Two sheets by Francesco Vanni (1563–1610) for The Coronation of the Virgin, created for the Chiesa del Santuccio in Siena between 1610 and 1614, vividly illustrate this process.


      Pirro Ligorio. A Scene from The Golden Ass by Apuleius, n.d. Promised gift of Jean and Steven Goldman.

      In addition to preparatory drawings, the exhibition includes meticulously finished presentation renderings that were executed as works of art in their own right, including a set of the Four Evangelists by Guercino (1591?–1666). The increasing interest in presentation drawings by both collectors and scholars reflects the importance placed on drawing as a medium capable of conveying artistic genius and worthy of collecting for its singular merits. In addition to well- known artists of the period, the exhibition includes a number of stellar works by masters who were once deemed minor but have since been reconsidered by scholars.


      Battista Franco, Il Semolei. A Male Nude Bending Over, 1560/61. Promised gift of Jean and Steven Goldman.



      An exhibition catalogue, prepared by independent scholars Jean Goldman and Nicolas Schwed, includes essays situating the collection within the context of Mannerism and examining the role of drawing in the business of art. 

      Martin van Meytens the Younger

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      In Martin van Meytens the Younger (1695–1770) the Belvedere is presenting a pre- eminent European master of the Baroque age. As the preferred portraitist at Maria Theresa’s imperial court, Meytens impressively captured influential personalities of his period’s intellectual, artistic, and political spheres. 

      “It is a great joy for me personally that the first monographic show on Martin van Meytens is taking place in Vienna – the city where the artist, following extensive stays in a number of other countries, spent more than half of his life and where he left behind impressive traces,” says the Belvedere’s director Agnes Husslein-Arco. Like no other artist, Martin van Meytens the Younger succeeded in documenting the protagonists of the legendary age of Maria Theresa in his portraits. “The precisely painted facial features, the detailed rendering of elaborate garments, and the unmistakable clues to the sitters’ social standing and profession still convey a lively impression of this period, which was probably not as glamorous as it appears in the paintings,” Agnes Husslein-Arco adds.

      Martin van Meytens cannot be assigned to any particular painting tradition, such as the Swedish, French, or Roman school. His personal style, which is characterised by precise drawing and partly intense colours, is much too distinctive for categorisation. Having been highly interested in alchemy and physics, he immersed himself in the development of his own materials, namely paints, besides his activities as an artist, receiving a patent from the imperial government for the production of mineral paints in 1743. Moreover, Martin Meytens the Younger is said to have had a written and spoken command of several languages, so that he can probably be most fittingly described as a European citizen who was proud of his Swedish origins.

      The beginnings of Meytens, who today is known primarily for his life-sized portraits, lie in miniature painting, which was greatly appreciated at the time. Meytens, a student of his compatriot Charles Boit (1662–1727), soon acquired considerable fame in this genre and achieved a special brilliance in the enamel technique. Even the Russian tsar and the Swedish king tried to lure him to their courts, but Meytens decided for Vienna. He entered the service of the Habsburg family and became a successful portraitist of the court and the aristocracy. In 1732 he was officially appointed “imperial chamber painter”. 

      The names of those whose likenesses, physiques, and social ranks he depicted in his paintings almost resemble a Who’s Who of the age of Maria Theresa. They include such statesmen as Johann Christoph von Bartenstein or Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz-Rietberg, as well as members of the Batthyány, Liechtenstein, Pálffy, and Schwarzenberg families. However, they only represent one aspect of his oeuvre. Besides more than a dozen of self-portraits, he also painted such artist colleagues as Johann Gottfried Auerbach, the costume designer and Maria Theresa’s drawing teacher Antonio Bertoli, and the librettist Pietro Metastasio. Held in high esteem particularly by Maria Theresa, Meytens was finally appointed director of the Vienna Academy and filled this position until his death in 1770.


      The Belvedere is the first museum to highlight this important figure of the Austrian art scene in a monographic exhibition, which is on view from 18 October 2014 to 8 February 2015 in the Baroque ambience of the Winter Palace. 

      Of Dutch origins and born in Sweden, Martin van Meytens the Younger developed his specific style, for which he borrowed from diverse European models and which he later successfully passed on to numerous students, during several lengthy sojourns in France, England, and Italy. Originally trained as a painter of miniatures, Meytens perfected monumental painting over the years while always remaining true to portraiture, apart from a few forays into other figural genres. The focus of this exhibition is on his fascinating portraits and the art of his most important pupils, including that of Joseph Hickel.

      Martin van Meytens the Younger was born in Stockholm in 1695 the son of Martin Mijtens the Elder (1648–1736), who was also active as a portraitist. His parents, who originally came from Southern Holland, had emigrated to Sweden. Having first been trained by his father, the younger Meytens embarked on a study tour of several years as early as 1714, which led him to his parents’ native country, as well as to England, France, Italy, and, finally, to Vienna.

      From Miniature Painting to Portraiture

      Characteristics of Style

      The precision in the rendering of laces, fabrics, and other details is characteristic of the works by Martin van Meytens the Younger and his collaborators. Such paintings as Maria Theresa in a pink lace dress have thereby even gained documentary importance. This special focus on textiles and accessories sometimes also stands out in portraits that were produced outside the artist’s workshop or by his followers. Frequently, the actual portrait even appears to be a neglected element. The meticulous representation of motifs recalls Lucas Cranach the Elder, whose flourishing workshop was also known for its extraordinary precision and sharpness with regard to details, which occasionally even gives the impression of a certain degree of steeliness. Whereas Meytens was so successful during his lifetime just because of the great precision of his works, this very characteristic of his style would later meet with disapproval among critics.

      A Flourishing Workshop

      It can hardly be estimated how many paintings left Meytens’s studio over the decades. In any case, the demand for his paintings was so high that the artist was soon no longer able to cope with the workload by himself and therefore employed numerous pupils and collaborators. Among the most talented of them were Sophonias de Derichs (1712–1773), who also came from Sweden, and Joseph Hickel (1736–1807). They worked entirely in the master’s manner so that their share in the individual works has remained hidden for both patrons and art lovers of the past and present. Moreover, Meytens hardly ever signed his works.

       Scholars therefore also depend on archival materials and contemporary engravings after Meytens’s works for their attributions, as these documents and reproductions usually mention the names of both painter and sitter. The following generation of artists represents the transition from the type of official Baroque portraiture they had been taught by Meytens to a distinctly drier style that was in keeping with the age of Josephinism and the Enlightenment.

      Georg Lechner, the exhibition’s curator, is preparing a revised and comprehensive catalogue raisonné on Martin van Meytens the Younger, which will presumably appear in 2015 within the series of the Belvedere’s oeuvre catalogues.


      Martin van Meytens Yr., The Family of Count Nikolaus Pálffy of Erdöd, around 1760
      Oil on canvas
      333 x 283 cm

      Martin van Meytens Yr., Portrait of a Man Wearing a traditional Hungarian Costume, around 1740/1750
      (Imre Count Tökölyi?)
      Oil on canvas
      93 x 76 cm

      Martin van Meytens Yr., Double Portrait, 1740
      Oil on canvas
      105 x 126 cm


      Martin van Meytens Yr., Archduke Peter Leopold, around 1753
      Oil on canvas
      220 x 158 cm


      Martin van Meytens Yr., Johann Gottfried Auerbach, around 1740
      Oil on canvas
      92 x 73 cm


      Martin van Meytens Yr., Self-portrait, 1750s
      Oil on canvas
      147 x 106 cm


      Martin van Meytens Yr., Kneeling Nun (Front side), about 1731
      Oil on copper
      28 x 21 cm


      Martin van Meytens Yr., Kneeling Nun (Back side), about 1731
      Oil on copper
      28 x 21 cm

      Martin van Meytens Yr., Carl Gustaf Tessin, Ulla Sparre of Sundby and Brita Stina Sparre, 1730/31
      Oil on canvas
      100 x 122 cm
      Martin van Meytens Yr., Maria Theresia as Archduchess, in the mid-1730s
      Oil on canvas
      91 x 72 cm
      Martin van Meytens Yr., Joseph de France with his Family, 1748
      Oil on canvas
      118 x 155 cm
      Martin van Meytens Yr., Emperor Francis I Stephen, about 1745/1765
      Oil on canvas
      235 x 160 cm


      Realms of Imagination. Albrecht Altdorfer and the Expressivity of Art around 1500

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      “Realms of Imagination. Albrecht Altdorfer and the Expressivity of Art around 1500”, taking place from 5 November 2014 to 8 February 2015, the Städel Museum is shedding light on far- reaching innovations that came about in the early sixteenth century in the art of Europe, which took on a surprisingly modern appearance as a result. With the aid of 120 objects, the show vividly conveys how, around 1500, an entire generation of artists formulated the genres of landscape and history painting as well as the portrait anew. 

      Far removed from naturalistic representation, an innovative, expressive interplay of light effects, exuberant colouration and grotesque forms and poses evolved throughout the spectrum of artistic media: painting, sculpture, printmaking, drawing and book illumination. Taking the artists Albrecht Altdorfer (ca. 1480–1538), Wolf Huber (ca. 1485–1553), the Master IP of Passau (active until after 1520) and Hans Leinberger (documented in Landshut, 1510–1530) as a point of departure, the phenomenon of “expressivity” – a chief pursuit of the artists of the so-called Danube School – will here be placed in a pan-European context for the first time. 


      To this end, the works by Altdorfer, Huber, Leinberger and the Master IP are juxtaposed with examples by contemporaries such as Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472–1553), Hans Leu (ca. 1490–1531) or Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528). The exhibition emphasizes the importance of examining their œuvres within a broader European reference framework, because not only the artists in the Danube valley but also their colleagues in the Netherlands, on the Lower and Upper Rhine, in Switzerland and Upper Italy, Bohemia, Poland and Northern Germany availed themselves of a directly comparable pictorial and formal language. The Frankfurt show demonstrates this phenomenon to its visitors in a range of media and themes whose breadth is unprecedented in the history of exhibitions on this subject.


      “Realms of Imagination” is the outcome of a joint exhibition project of the Städel Museum and the Liebieghaus Skulpturensammlung in Frankfurt am Main and the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna in cooperation with the Geisteswissenschaftliches Zentrum Geschichte und Kultur Ostmitteleuropas e.V. of the Universität Leipzig.

      After its presentation at the Städel, the show will be on view at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna from 17 March to 14 June 2015.

      It has been nearly fifty years since the last comprehensive presentation of the art of the “Danube School”, and thirty years since the last major thematic show on Altdorfer. Now, with a selection of striking masterworks, the special exhibition at the Städel Museum is illuminating the phenomenon of expressivity in the art around 1500 in all its thematic and artistic facets and media in a panoramic survey of this stylistic development, which was not confined solely to the Danube region. Particularly in the area of religious depictions, the approaching Reformation granted artists of the time entirely new expressive liberties. They would not enjoy this freedom for long, however, because once the process of confessionalization was over the Protestant faith renounced certain images entirely, while the Catholic Church returned to a policy of insisting on iconographic conventions. As a result, in the art around 1500 we encounter narrative strains that were no longer conceivable in the same form in the further course of the sixteenth century.


      The exhibition assembles and deliberately juxtaposes all of the artistic genres prevalent and displaying expressive tendencies in the period around 1500. Within this context, paintings and prints from the Städel collection as well as sculptures from the Liebieghaus Skulpturensammlung form the show’s core, which is enhanced with prominent loans from other museums. Key works from the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, the Alte Pinakothek and the Bayerisches Nationalmuseum in Munich, the Národni Galerie in Prague, the Skulpturensammlung and Gemäldegalerie of the Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin, the Graphische Sammlung of the Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen, the Museo Thyssen- Bornemisza in Madrid, the Szépművészeti Múzeum in Budapest and other collections will be on view. We moreover succeeded in obtaining a substantial number of loans belonging to churches, for example the Retable of St John from the Church of Our Lady before Týn in Prague (1520s) and paintings from St Florian’s Priory in Linz. With this presentation, the Städel is continuing its series of major exhibitions on art of the Early Modern era, of which the most recent example was the show on Albrecht Dürer.


      The exhibition is divided thematically into six parts. 


      The introductory section, entitled Weight of the World, Forces of Nature: Depictions of St Christopher, is devoted 
      to one of the most frequently portrayed saints in the Late Middle Ages. Images of St Christopher, who carries the Christ Child across a river on his shoulders, not only decorated church walls and altarpieces in the form of paintings or sculptures, but were also very popular as prints used in domestic settings. Albrecht Altdorfer, Wolf Huber and Georg Lemberger depicted the saint in a previously unheard-of manner, employing bizarrely exaggerated forms to lend expression to the tremendous burden Christopher took upon himself when he carried the Child.

      In the first gallery of the exhibition annex, the four leading artists of the Danube region are introduced with a selection of key works: Albrecht Altdorfer, Wolf Huber and the sculptors Meister IP and Hans Leinberger. Here the focus is on Images of Man. On the one hand, the objects on display shed light on how these masters differed from the preceding generation of artists in the depiction of the human being; on the other hand attention is called to stylistic devices they employed in the realization of this pictorial motif. Albrecht Dürer, as the protagonist and originator of a mathematically and scientifically constructed image of the human being, is moreover juxtaposed here with his contemporaries Altdorfer, Huber, Master IP and Leinberger. 


      In contrast to Dürer’s precisely proportioned bodies, the figures in the works of the other artists are extremely dynamic, and their anatomy is often depicted in a manner that is anything but realistic. The art of the Danube masters is distinguished by the employment of expressive colour and form. With works by Wolf Huber such as his painting 





      The Arrest of Christ (after 1522) or his Altarpiece of St Anne (1521), the second leading artist of the Danube region after Altdorfer is presented. What is more, in addition to Hans Leinberger, the monogrammist IP is featured here – with the central panel of his 




      Retable of St John (1520s) 

      – as one of the most prominent representatives of sixteenth-century sculpture.

      In the section Oblique Views in Crucifixions and Other Passion Scenes, the expressivity of the art of this epoch is examined with the aid of various religious motifs. Within the œuvres of Altdorfer, Huber, the Master IP and Leinberger, expressive means such as ornamentalization, dramatization and distortion are encountered in particularly striking form in depictions of the Crucifixion and the Deposition. A Crucifixion scene known as the so-called 




      Schottenkreuzigung (ca. 1500) serves to introduce a further artist active in the Danube region in the early sixteenth century: Lucas Cranach the Elder; it is his first painting. The depiction of the theme by Cranach contrasts with other interpretations of the motif particularly by virtue of its drastic character. 

      The positioning of the crosses at oblique angles would later be adopted frequently by other artists. Leinberger unites all these various phenomena in his low reliefs of the Crucifixion, the Deposition and the Lamentation of Christ (ca. 1515/16). The Master IP is represented in this section with a Crucifixion group in the round, part of the Retable of St John from the Church of Our Lady beforeTýn (1520s). Huber, in his Large landscape with a city (ca. 1525) relegates the actual pictorial theme of the Crucifixion to the background, giving the landscape centre stage instead.

      The section with the heading Landscape as a Vehicle of Expression features striking examples of how, in art around 1500, landscape and its components no longer serve as mere backdrops for the actual event, but – for the first time – become a pictorial subject and a theme in their own right. Skies threatening to erupt in storm or lyrical sunsets underscore the expressivity and moods of scenes usually devoid of people, and in many artworks the vegetation develops a mysterious life of its own. Pen-and-ink drawings by Albrecht Altdorfer and his younger brother Erhard, for example, show willows and spruces not as static trees but as eerily animated beings:






      Erhard Altdorfer (1480–1561), The large Spruce Tree, about 1525/30

      The following section, Means of Expressivity, is devoted to examining the various expressive devices employed in the art of the period in question. With the aid of deliberate contortion, deformation, ornamentalization and dramatization, as well as with draughtsmanship, the treatment of light, colouration and pathos, the artists undermined traditional visual expectations and presented the depicted figures in a new, astonishing, and often downright modern manner. In his painting The Birth of Christ (ca. 1511), for example, Altdorfer achieves an extreme intensification of the scene’s impact with his use of colour and his handling of the light:



      The figure of an Abbot Saint (ca. 1520/30) by a Lower Bavarian artist is distinguished by tremendous distortion and deformation. The new generation of artists conceived of the human body virtually as a malleable material which could be modelled at will, regardless of established ideals.

      The exhibition comes to a close with the topic Artists and Their Clients. Here we take a look at the role played in the development of the new style by the persons who commissioned the artworks. The Prayer Book of Emperor Maximilian I (1514/15) from the Bibliothèque Municipale in Besançon once again shifts the focus to the importance of Dürer and his function as an authority to be resisted, but also as a source of inspiration and point of departure for the exponents of the new approach. Recent findings in connection with the financers and clients of large sculptural ensembles of the altarpieces and epitaphs executed above all for Bohemian churches moreover shed light on the special production conditions and mechanisms of what in many cases were monumental commissions.


      The themes explored and the insights gained within the framework of the show offer a fresh and comprehensive look at the unique phenomenon of expressivity in art around 1500.

      Catalogue: An extensive catalogue edited by Stefan Roller and Jochen Sander will accompany the exhibition. With a foreword by Max Hollein and essays by Daniela Bohde, Katrin Dyballa, Markus Hörsch, Susanne Jaeger, Guido Messling, Jochen Sander and Matthias Weniger. German edition, approx. 290 pages, Hirmer Verlag, 



      More images from the exhibition:







      Unknown Artist of Lower Bavaria (?), Abbot Saint, between 1520 and 1530

      Master IP (operative till after 1520), Epitaph Altarpiece, Central panel with Christ as the Redeemer from Death and the presumed Patron Stephan Schlick, after 1526






      Wolf Huber (1485–1553), Pollard Willow, 1529

















      Albrecht Altdorfer (1480–1538), Landscape with Castle, about 1520–30
      Hans Leinberger (documented in Landshut 1510–1530), Virgin and Child, about 1515/20


      Hans Mielich (1516-1573), Christ on the Cross with God the Father and Six Secondary Figures, 1539
      Wolf Huber (1485–1553), Large Landscape with Golgotha, about 1530

      Albrecht Altdorfer (1480–1538), The Entombment of Christ, 1518:



      Georg Lemberger (ca. 1490/1500–ca. 1545?), The Fall of Man and the Redemption, 1535:




















































      Albrecht Altdorfer (um 1480–1538), The Adoration of the Magi, 1530/35


































      Master of Meßkirch, The Crucifixion, ca. 1530:






      Eleanor Fortescue-Brickdale among the highlights of the 19th Century European Paintings auction at Bonhams Nov. 5

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      On November 5, an exquisite painting by acclaimed British female artist, Eleanor Fortescue-Brickdale, will feature among the highlights of the 19th Century European Paintings auction at Bonhams. Botticelli's studio: 



      The first visit of Simonetta presented by Giulio and Lorenzo de Medici is estimated to fetch $200,000-300,000. 

      Painted in 1922, Botticelli's studio is a rare find given that Fortescue-Brickdale was known to work mostly in watercolor. The painting depicts Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli in his studio, upright and reverent in the presence of noblewoman Simonetta, who is introduced by notable patrons of the arts, Giulio and Lorenzo de Medici. The superb brushwork used to portray the elegant details in the clothing, furniture, drapery, and landscape visible through the window is a testament to Fortescue-Brickdale's skill as an artist, illustrator and colorist.
      Eleanor Fortescue-Brickdale enjoyed early commercial success and later became known for her commemorative stained-glass windows dedicated to the victims of the Great War, as well as for altarpieces for various churches in northern England.
      "Botticelli's Studio is an important sequel to 



      The Forerunner, which is a celebration of the unparalleled Leonardo Da Vinci, now in the Lady Lever Art Gallery in Liverpool. Both paintings echo Fortescue-Brickdale's love for early Italian art," says Madalina Lazen, Senior Specialist of European Paintings at Bonhams New York.
      Also featured is a work by one of the most successful German Orientalist painters of the 19th century, 



      Adolf Schreyer. Bedouins Taking Aim (est. $80,000-120,000) 

      is an exceptional demonstration of Schreyer's technical skill and fascination with Algeria, where he spent time traveling and riding with Bedouin horsemen. His rendering of armed horseback riders galloping towards the viewer demonstrates his deftness at capturing perspective, movement and intensity in paint. This superb composition is one of Schreyer's best works to appear on the market in recent years. 


      Another masterpiece in the Orientalist theme is an exotic portrait of a harem beauty holding a pink fan by famed artist Leon Francois Comerre (est. $150,000-200,000):




      Comerre's masterful treatment of intricate texture, fabric and jewelry made him a highly sought after artist throughout Europe during the late 19th century.



      Another spectacular oil is A Grecian Lady (est. $200,000 - 300,000) created circa 1899 by Orientalist artist Frederick Arthur Bridgman. 


      Bridgman was one of the most accomplished American painters of this genre, however, this painting is unusual in that it portrays a European subject; it was around the turn of the century that Bridgman began to experiment with neo-classical themes and thin layers of paint. Iridescent, delicate colors infuse the serene view of a young woman, draped in cascading folds of white, as she pensively stares into the distance, with the rays of the setting sun lending the entire composition a warm glow.
      Other notable lots include



      Dosmare Pool, an oil on canvas by Harold Knight (est. $20,000 – 30,000) 

      that uses an eerie, soft, minimal palette, lending the work a Surrealist intensity; and 



      A Game of Billiards by Francesco Beda (est. $40,000 – 60,000), which is a delightful portrayal of the 18th century world, depicting a group of gentlemen playing a game of billiards under the intent gaze of their female admirers.

      Samuel F. B. Morse’s “Gallery of the Louvre” and the Art of Invention

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      Samuel F. B. Morse’s monumental paintingGallery of the Louvre will embark on a multi-year tour across the United States in January. Kicking off at The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, in San Marino, CA (January 24–April 20, 2015), the tour will visit nine museums across the country, including venues in Fort Worth, TX; Bentonville, AR; Detroit, MI; Salem, MA; and Winston-Salem, NC.


       
      The exhibition, Samuel F. B. Morse’s “Gallery of the Louvre” and the Art of Invention, is the culmination of the painting’s extensive conservation treatment in 2010 and two years of scholarly investigation.



       It will be accompanied by an anthology of the same title, published by the Terra Foundation and distributed by Yale University Press
      Chicago businessman and art collector Daniel J. Terra (1911–1996) poses next to Samuel F. B. Morse’s iconic painting Gallery of the Louvre, which has been a signature work in the Terra Foundation’s collection ever since it was acquired in by Mr. Terra in 1982.
      Chicago businessman and art collector Daniel J. Terra (1911–1996) poses next to Samuel F. B. Morse’s iconic painting Gallery of the Louvre, which has been a signature work in the Terra Foundation’s collection ever since it was acquired in by Mr. Terra in 1982.

       
      “We are delighted to host the kickoff of this extraordinary tour,” said Kevin Salatino, director of the art collections at The Huntington. “And Gallery of the Louvre is particularly fitting here, where our collections span the history of American art as well that of science and technology—interests shared with Morse himself.  Los Angeles audiences are sure to be fascinated in many ways by this gem of an exhibition.”
       
      Exhibition tour dates are as follows:

      • The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, San Marino, CA, January 24, 2015–April 20, 2015
      • Amon Carter Museum of American Art, Fort Worth, TX, May 23, 2015–September 7, 2015
      • Seattle Art Museum, Washington, September 22, 2015–January 10, 2016
      • Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville, AR, January 2016–April 2016
      • Detroit Institute of Arts, MI, June 2016­–September 2016
      • Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA, October 2016–January 2017
      • Reynolda House Museum of American Art, Winston-Salem, NC, February 2017–June 2017
      • New Britain Museum of American Art, New Britain, CT, June 2017–October 2017
      • Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, November 2017–January 2018
      Known today primarily for his role in the development of the electromagnetic telegraph and his namesake code, Samuel Morse began his career as a painter. Created between 1831 and 1833 in Paris and New York, Gallery of the Louvre was Morse’s masterwork and the culmination of his studies in Europe.
       
      “Morse’s ‘gallery picture,’ a form first popularized in the seventeenth century, is the only major example of such in the history of American art,” says Peter John Brownlee, curator at the Terra Foundation. “For this canvas, Morse selected masterpieces from the Louvre’s collection and imaginatively ‘reinstalled’ them in one of the museum’s grandest spaces, the Salon Carré.”
       
      In addition to highlighting renowned works by the Old Masters, Gallery of the Louvre serves as a painted treatise on artistic practice, positioning Morse, depicted as the centrally placed instructor in the work, as a link between European art of the past and America’s cultural future.
       
      In 2010 Gallery of the Louvre underwent a six-month conservation treatment in the studio of Lance Mayer and Gay Myers, specialists in American painting who have restored such major works as Emanuel Leutze’s Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851; Metropolitan Museum of Art) and Rembrandt Peale’s The Court of Death (1824; Detroit Institute of Arts). The conservation repaired damages that had occurred over time and yielded insight into Morse’s working methods.
       
      “The conservation treatment greatly improved the overall look of the Gallery of the Louvre and confirmed that Morse was as fearless an experimenter with painting media as he was with the daguerreotype and the electromagnetic telegraph later in his career,” added Brownlee.
       
      The painting’s conservation was documented in the 30-minute video A New Look: Samuel F. B. Morse’s “Gallery of the Louvre,” produced by Sandpail Productions for the Terra Foundation. The video provides information about Morse’s career, as well as paintings depicted in the picture, and features interviews with conservators, curators at the Terra Foundation and the Musée du Louvre, and other specialists, including Morse scholar Paul J. Staiti, Alumnae Foundation Professor of Fine Arts at Mount Holyoke College.
       
      From 2011 to 2013, the painting was exhibited for extended periods at the Yale University Art Gallery,



       the National Gallery of Art, 

      and the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, where it was the subject of scholarly investigation and dialogue.
       

      MONET AND HIS INFLUENCE ON AUSTRIAN ART

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      From 24 October 2014 to 8 February 2015, the exhibition LOOKING AT MONET in the Orangery presents icons of Impressionism within a synthesis unique across Europe, as well as their multiple impacts on domestic art production. Thanks to first-rate loans from around the globe, the exhibition assembles key works by Claude Monet, some of which have never been on view in Austria. Eighteen years after its legendary Monet exhibition in 1996, the Belvedere presents some 30 principal works by Claude Monet, some of which have never been on view in Austria, including the world-famous paintings of Rouen Cathedral, several versions of Waterloo Bridge in London, and the late paintings of the water lilies. These will be juxtaposed with works by such Austrian contemporaries and followers as Gustav Klimt, Herbert Boeckl, Heinrich Kühn, Carl Moll, Emil Jakob Schindler, Max Weiler, and Olga Wisinger-Florian. Their works exhibit and visualise the traces the Frenchman left in Austrian landscape painting and photography.

      Monet as a Source of Inspiration

      The life of those days was marked by profound changes: such technological inventions as the steam engine, the railway, the telegraph, the chemical industry, and industrial production provoked an unbelievable acceleration of life, to which photography could not respond properly. It may well have been able to reproduce faces, buildings, objects, plants, or landscapes much more exactly, yet initially it could not capture movement. Atmospheric manifestations were also largely excluded from being rendered by photography.

      This is where a new type of painting came into play. It was able to lend expression to modern life, to this enormous acceleration of daily routine, and to the diversity of new societal developments  curator Stephan Koja says. And it was able to deal with such fleeting phenomena as weather, atmospheres on the surface of water, fog, mist, wind, and smoke, declaring the interplay of light and colour its favourite theme. It was capable of addressing the subject of progress, considering smokestacks, locomotives, steamships in the harbour, etc. as motifs Stephan Koja explains.


      An aestheticism of the spontaneous of swift representation emerged, relying on the tradition of a bravura painting style that had been cultivated by painters from the Baroque age to the present day. Austrian artists, too, were faced with the phenomena of a rapidly changing epoch and the challenges of its adequate depiction, and they also tried to find answers. However, they were confronted with a cultural climate that was by far more conservative and which, in the sphere of the visual arts, was dominated by the Künstlerhaus in Vienna as the institution moulding and dictating taste. Nonetheless, there had been such painters as Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller or Rudolf von Alt, who, in their constant search for a more convincing rendering of nature, had painted outdoors and sought to augment the intensity of light. 


      Impressionist Tendencies in Austrian Painting

      Particularly French art produced from the late nineteenth century on undoubtedly paved the way for modern European painting of the early twentieth century. Many artists felt attracted to Paris as an art metropolis. However, around the turn of the century there were also more and more possibilities to study contemporary French art in the German-speaking area. Nonetheless, it took a while until Austrian painters began to deal with Impressionism in their art: first Impressionist tendencies can be observed around 1890. It was primarily younger artists who adopted typically Impressionist themes.


      Austrian painters also voluntarily embraced the Impressionist principle of perceiving an object as a manifestation of light. Younger artists increasingly felt at ease with Impressionism, so that references to the style were openly made from the turn of the century onwards.




      Claude Monet, Path in Monet’s Garden in Giverny, 1902
      Oil on canvas
      89.5 x 92.3 cm



      Claude Monet, Water Lilies, 1914-1917
      Oil on canvas
      150 x 200 cm
      Claude Monet, The Cook, 1882
      Oil on canvas
      64.5 x 52.1 cm


      Claude Monet, Waterloo Bridge: the Sun in a fog, 1903
      Oil on canvas
      73.7 x 100.3 cm
      Purchased 1914






      Claude Monet, Waterloo Bridge, Sunlight Effect, 1903
      Oil on canvas
      65 x 100 cm






      Claude Monet, Waterloo Bridge, Sunlight Effect, 1903
      Oil on canvas
      65.1 x 100 cm


      Claude Monet, Waterloo Bridge, 1902
      Oil on canvas
      65 x 100 cm





      Claude Monet, Waterloo Bridge, Sunlight Effect, ca. 1900 (dated 1903)
      Oil on canvas
      73.82 x 98.11 cm





      Gustav Klimt, Attersee, 1900
      Oil on canvas
      80.2 x 80.2 cm:








      Franz Jaschke, At the Donaulände, 1903
      Oil on canvas
      87.5 x 113 cm

      Theodor von Hörmann Nighttime, Paris with the Eiffel Tower, 1889
      Oil on canvas
      45.5 x 55 cm
      Theodor von Hörmann Nighttime, Paris with the Eiffel Tower, 1889 (JPEG, 3.78 MB)




      Claude Monet, Fisher on the Seine at Poissy, 1882 | © © Belvedere, Vienna


      Claude Monet, Fisher on the Seine at Poissy, 1882
      Oil on canvas
      59.8 x 81.7 cm













      Cézanne and the Modern: Masterpieces of European Art from the Pearlman Collection + Chaim Soutine

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      Cézanne and the Modern: Masterpieces of European Art from the Pearlman Collection” is a major traveling exhibition organized by the Princeton University Art Museum. The works featured in the exhibition showcase the extraordinary vision of Henry Pearlman (1895-1974), a modest American entrepreneur who amassed an astonishing collection of modern art from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including perhaps the greatest collection of watercolors by Cézanne outside of France.
      The Henry and Rose Pearlman Collection has resided at the Princeton University Art Museum since 1976, and this exhibition marks the first international tour of the entire collection since Pearlman’s death in 1974.

      Exhibition Organization and Tour
      “Cézanne and the Modern: Masterpieces of European Art from the Pearlman Collection” has been organized by the Princeton University Art Museum in cooperation with the Henry and Rose Pearlman Foundation. The exhibition premiered at the Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England (March 13–June 22, 2014), then traveled to the Musée Granet, Aix-en-Provence, France (July 11–Oct. 5, 2014) and to the High Museum of Art (Oct. 25, 2014–Jan. 11, 2015). Following its presentation at the High, the exhibition will be on view at Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (Feb. 7–May 18, 2015), and the tour will culminate at Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, N.J. (Sept. 12, 2015–Jan. 3, 2016).
      The exhibition is co-curated by the Princeton University Art Museum’s Betsy Rosasco, research curator of European painting and sculpture, and Laura Giles, Heather and Paul G. Haaga Jr., Class of 1970, curator of prints and drawings.

      “Cézanne and the Modern” Exhibition Catalogue



      A richly illustrated catalogue, published by the Princeton University Art Museum and distributed by Yale University Press, accompanies the exhibition and includes Henry Pearlman’s personal narrative “Reminiscences of a Collector”; a major essay by Rachael Z. DeLue, associate professor in the department of art and archaeology at Princeton University, which considers Pearlman’s collecting practices and milieu; a chronology of Pearlman’s life and the history of the collection; brief essays on each of the artists and their works in the exhibition by leading scholars in the field; and detailed information on each of the works, including the discoveries of new conservation and technical analyses undertaken specifically for the exhibition.

      From a review by in the Oxonian Review byEmma-Victoria Farr:

      This is the first European exhibition of the collection of Cézanne’s work formed by Henry and Rose Pearlman in North America after the Second World War. The Ashmolean has been closely involved with Princeton University Art Museum in putting together the exhibition, which will move on to Aix-en-Provence, Atlanta, and Vancouver, before returning to Princeton, where it is on long-term loan.
      The Pearlman collection, however, comprises not only of works by Cézanne, but also paintings and sculptures by leading Impressionist and Post-Impressionist masters. It features fifty works by nineteen artists, ranging from Gustave Courbet to Jacques Lipchitz. Yet, at the heart of the collection remain the Cézannes: six oils, two drawings, and sixteen watercolours, which reflect Pearlman’s own taste wholeheartedly. 
      The exhibition opens with a bright portrait of Henry Pearlman by Oskar Kokoschka from 1948, a few years after he started his art collection. (Rose Pearlman managed the collection from her husband’s death in 1974 until her own death in 1994). Pearlman sits commandingly in the foreground, almost enthroned in front of the painting’s riverside setting, as if to survey his surrounding collection. Immediately behind his portrait opens up a mesmerising room of watercolours, a feast for the eyes of gentle pastel hues.
       L.1988.62.32Paul Cézanne (1839–1906)Three Pears, c. 1888–90Watercolour, gouache, and graphite on cream laid paper24.2 x 31 cm

      Three Pears (c. 1888-90), a still life watercolour, stands out. The pattern of the tablecloth Cézanne paints brings the composition to life, making the pears appear tangible. As Harrison describes it: “These are extremely sensuous pears” – and he has a point. Their delicate curves offer a sort of femininity one might expect to find in the depiction of a nude. In contrast, the watercolour Study of a Skull (1902-1904) shows a meditation on the fragility of life. He is portraying vanitas, conscious of his predecessors and their influence, and aware of his own ill health. The vibrancy of the skull outlined in pencil and watercolour makes the image even more menacing.

      L.1988.62.47Paul Cézanne (1839–1906)Still Life with Carafe, Bottle, and Fruit, 1906Watercolour and soft graphite on pale buff wove paper48 x 62.5 cm
      Another highlight in the watercolour room is Still Life with Carafe, Bottle and Fruit(1906). The bright shades of the fruit, juxtaposed with the dark tones of the centred wine bottle, and the clarity of the glass carafe, offer a marvellously vibrant composition of light and color..,

      These other elements of the Pearlman collection complement the famous Cézanne oils of 

      Paul Cézanne (1839–1906)Mont Sainte-Victoire, c.1902Oil on canvas83.8 x 65.1 cm

      Mont Sainte-Victoire (c. 1902) (above)  and 


      Cistern in the Park of the Château Noir (c. 1900) as well as show his independence in what works he bought.
      Nonetheless, the exhibition’s winning feature lies in its watercolours. These gentle sketches with soft pastel colours remain the sparkling jewel in its crown. Their effect both individually and in combination leaves the viewer with a lasting impression of great richness...

      High to Showcase Five Soutine Portraits with Fall 2014 Cézanne Exhibition

      In conjunction with “Cézanne and the Modern: Masterpieces of European Art from the Pearlman Collection,” the High Museum of Art will present five portraits by the acclaimed Expressionist painter Chaïm Soutine (French, born Lithuania, 1893-1943), on view Oct. 25, 2014 through Jan. 11, 2015.
      These paintings, a generous loan from the Lewis Collection, are superb examples of the nearly 200 portraits that Soutine created throughout his career. The portraits join seven other works by Soutine that will be on view as part of the “Cézanne and the Modern” exhibition, and together they mark the greatest number of works by Soutine ever to be on view at the High. The portraits will complement 50 Impressionist and Post-Impressionist works by such artists as Cézanne, van Gogh, Modigliani, Degas, Gauguin, Toulouse-Lautrec and others.
      The five portraits by Soutine from the Lewis Collection featured in the presentation include:


      • “Le paysan” (“The Peasant”) (c. 1919-20) – This painting of a bust-length figure, identified only as a peasant, shows the sitter standing at a slight angle. His ruddy face is a symphony of yellows and reds against a painterly background of green.



      • “Le garçon en bleu” (“The Boy in Blue”) (1924) – In this portrait, the sitter’s hat frames his head like a halo in a medieval altarpiece. A colorful mass of paint resolves itself as the sitter’s clasped hands.



      • “Le petit pâtissier” (“The Little Pastry Chef”) (c. 1927) – Soutine was fascinated by people in uniform, and he painted multiple portraits of people who worked in uniformed professions. In this touching portrait, the artist captured the mannerisms of a young pastry boy, from the slight tilt of his head to his apprehensive expression and melancholy, searching eyes.




      • “Portrait d’une jeune fille (Fille en blouse bleu)” [“Portrait of a young girl (Girl in Blue Blouse)”] (c. 1937) – In this half-length portrait, Soutine has captured the uncertain profile of a young girl, peering nervously upward, clutching a book to her chest.



      • “Portrait du garçon en bleu” (“Portrait of a Boy in Blue”) (c. 1928) – In the 1920s Soutine alternated between painting still-life and portraits. Like the other four paintings in this small group, the sitter is unidentified, a young boy who is portrayed in a relaxed pose with his hands clasped in his lap.


      About Chaïm Soutine

      Chaïm Soutine (1893-1943) was born into a poor family in Smilovitchi, Lithuania, and grew up as the tenth of 11 children in an Orthodox Jewish village, or shtetlConcerned about idolatry, the shtetl community was suspicious of image making, and so for Soutine, making art was an act of rebellion. At around age 16, Soutine asked a religiously observant man in his community to pose for a portrait. In response, the man’s son and his friends beat Soutine. They were later forced to compensate Soutine for the damage, and the artist used the money to pay for his first art lessons. Soutine later continued his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vilna, and after graduating, moved to Paris, where he enrolled at the École des Beaux Arts. During this time, he befriended fellow artists Jacques Lipchitz and Amedeo Modigliani.

      Critics and collectors saw Soutine as the artistic successor to Cézanne. Like the older artist, Soutine avoided traditional forms of perspective, especially in his landscapes. The trees and buildings are tipped upward, offering a disorienting view that borders on abstraction. However Soutine’s energetic application of paint stood in contrast to the work of his predecessors. He took advantage of the three-dimensional quality of oil paint, sculpting it on the surface of the canvas in thick strands. No evidence exists that Soutine ever made preparatory sketches, and acquaintances reported that he plotted his compositions directly on the canvases, painting them quickly and spontaneously with brushes, palette knives, and his fingers. 

      Soutine was relatively unknown until the American collector Dr. Albert Barnes traveled to Paris in 1922 and purchased 52 of his paintings. Although Soutine did not achieve success overnight, his reputation was sealed, and his work sold well for the rest of his life. Soutine’s painting style influenced some of the most important painters of the 20th century, from the Abstract Expressionists working in New York to British painters like Francis Bacon and Lucien Freud.

      More images from the exhibition:





      Vincent van Gogh’s “Tarascon Stagecoach” (1888)  is included in the High Museum of Art exhibit “Cézanne and the Modern: Masterpieces of European Art From the Pearlman Collection” 



      Edouard Manet, Young Woman in a Round Hat, c. 1877–79


      Portrait of Jean Cocteau - Amedeo Modigliani

      Thomas Hart Benton In Story and Song

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      In conjunction with the Nashville Public Library’s city-wide celebration of beloved author Mark Twain, the Frist Center for the Visual Arts organized Thomas Hart Benton in Story and Song, presented  from Oct. 2, 2009 through Jan. 31, 2010. The exhibition features more than 80 works, including 20 drawings from each of the three illustration projects he completed to accompany Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and Life on the Mississippi. The exhibition also featured prints, drawings, and paintings relating to Benton’s deep love of American vernacular music.


      • Thomas Hart Benton. Illustration for Life on the Mississippi, “If the fire would give him time to reach a sandbar,” 1944. Drawing and watercolors, 7 x 4 3/8 in. The State Historical Society of Missouri. © Benton Testamentary Trusts / UMB Bank Trustee /Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY
      The exhibition will be presented alongside Georgia O’Keeffe and Her Times: American Modernism from the Lane Collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, comprising more than 50 works exploring the development of American Modernism through the eyes of a passionate collector.


      “We thought these two exhibitions worked well together,” says Frist Center Chief Curator Mark Scala, “as they both look at America from different perspectives at a time when the country was moving from a rural, agricultural-based economy to one that was more urban and industrial.”



      “By creating images that capture what he saw as the simplicity and dignity of everyday life in rural America, Benton strove to pay homage to his country’s people, history, and land,” says Katie Delmez, Curator. “While music was a tremendously significant part of his life and inspiration for his work, it’s surprising that, until now, the influence that music had on his work has not yet been fully explored.”

      The Ballad of the Jealous Lover of Lone Green Valley by Thomas Hart Benton
      The exhibition is divided into two sections. The first, “Thomas Hart Benton in Story” includes his delightful and lively illustrations of three of the most beloved works by Mark Twain, Benton’s favorite novelist. Like Twain, a fellow Missourian, Benton made his images with a raw, unvarnished tone, intending to present the quintessentially straightforward and unpretentious character of America. Although the two men were separated by a generation, their respective bodies of work were informed by their small-town, Midwestern upbringings.
      The second section, “Thomas Hart Benton in Song,” includes works relating to his deep love of music. In addition to his talents as an artist, Benton was also a largely self-taught musician. Growing up, he listened to country music and was familiar with its artists and songs. As an adult, he began to play the harmonica and achieved enough proficiency to record an album (Saturday Night at Tom Benton’s, Decca 1931).
      Benton often incorporated musicians and country ballads into his images. Several of the works in this section relate to specific songs, including



       Wreck of the Ole’ ’97,

      a ballad recounting the 1893 fatal crash of a Southern Railway train.

      Others, such as



      The Music Lesson,

      show the pleasure of sharing music among family and friends, as the artist so often did himself.
      In 1975, the Country Music Foundation approached Benton to create a work based on the roots of country music. He began the project, The Sources of Country Music (on view at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum), in December of that year. In 1975, as he was putting the finishing touches on the work in his studio, Benton suffered a massive heart attack and died in front of the mural. During the years of development of the work, he submitted dozens of sketches to the foundation board for their comment and review, and ten of these works will be included in this exhibition.
      Benton, who was born in Missouri in 1889 and died in 1975, is well known for his distinctive style and colorful palette. He enrolled in the Art Institute of Chicago in 1907 and later studied in Paris, where he met Mexican muralist Diego Rivera, who undoubtedly influenced Benton’s style and choice of subject matter. In his early years as an artist, he traveled from the art scene in Paris, to New York, to the rural South, and home to Missouri. In his travels, he became a keen observer of America’s working classes and also became aware of the distinction between urban and rural cultures that is often reflected in his work.

      From a review by Anam Cara:

      Benton-Sources_lowres1
      Thomas Hart Benton in Story and Song features drawings and watercolors the artist created for three books by Mark Twain, as well as paintings inspired by American Folk Music.  Benton was a part of the Regionalist movement that saw beauty in the ordinary men and women who populate ordinary towns and do ordinary things.
      BentonThe exhibition highlights Benton's versatility.  Each of the books was illustrated in a slightly different medium.  For The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, the artist used pen and ink to create clean, sharp, black and white images that snap with the same vitality the rascally Tom was known for.  The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, however, received a sepia wash "to evoke the muddy Mississippi River and the somber undertones of the book".  Finally, Twain's memoir, Life on the Mississippi, is rendered in eloquently subdued watercolors.
      One of the most intriguing elements of this exhibit for me is a serious of studies for Thomas Hart Benton's last work; a large scale painting commissioned by the Country Music Hall of Fame here in Nashville, called "The Sources of Country Music" (above).  Sketches of individual characters followed by composition studies reveal the mind of the artist as he worked and reworked; positioned and repositioned.  Fascinating!









      Related Work:



      Alternately praised as “an American original” and lampooned as an arbiter of kitsch, the regionalist painter Thomas Hart Benton has been the subject of myriad monographs and journal articles, remaining almost as controversial today as he was in his own time. Missing from this literature, however, is an understanding of the profound ways in which sound figures in the artist’s enterprises. Prolonged attention to the sonic realm yields rich insights into long-established narratives, corroborating some but challenging and complicating at least as many. A self-taught and frequently performing musician who invented a harmonica tablature notation system, Benton was also a collector, cataloguer, transcriber, and distributor of popular music. 

      In Thomas Hart Benton and the American Sound, Leo Mazow shows that the artist’s musical imagery was part of a larger belief in the capacity of sound to register and convey meaning. In Benton’s pictorial universe, it is through sound that stories are told, opinions are voiced, experiences are preserved, and history is recorded.

      Paul Durand-Ruel: Le pari de l’impressionnisme (The Gamble on Impressionism)

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      From an excellent article in the Irish Times: (Read the whole thing, please!)

      In one of the ironies of art history, the great French art dealer Paul Durand-Ruel “discovered” Impressionism in London in January 1871 because he, Claude Monet and Camille Pissarro had sought refuge there from the Franco-Prussian war…


      With its muddy grass, grey but luminous sky and barely sketched, dark silhouetted figures, 




      Monet’s Green Park, painted during his year of exile, still embodies London. Green Park is one of more than 90 works either owned or traded by Durand-Ruel that are on exhibition at the Musée du Luxembourg in Paris.


      The same exhibition will travel to the National Gallery in London in March 2015, then to the Philadelphia Museum of Art from late June…


      Back in Paris after the war, Monet and Pissarro introduced Durand-Ruel to Degas, Renoir and Sisley. “Durand-Ruel was a missionary,” Renoir said. “Fortunately for us, painting was his religion.”


      “Without Durand, all of us Impressionists would have starved,” said Monet. “We owe him everything. He was stubborn, persistent. He risked bankruptcy many times to support us. The critics dragged us through the mud, but it was much worse for him! They wrote, ‘These artists are mad, but the dealer who buys them is more mad than they are’.”


      Durand-Ruel was a monarchist and devout Catholic. Widowed at 40, he raised five children alone, and gambled everything on Impressionism. In a country politically polarised since the revolution, he was broadminded enough to support the communard Courbet, the anarchist Pissarro and the republican Manet.


      Between 1891 and 1922, Durand-Ruel purchased some 12,000 paintings, including 1,500 Renoirs, 1,000 Monets, 800 Pissarros and 400 works by Degas, Sisley and Mary Cassatt. In January 1872, he purchased 23 paintings by Manet, the artist’s first significant sale…




      Monet’s Woman Reading, or Spring, in which the painter’s wife, Camille, sits beneath a tree with her skirts spread around her, was shown in the 1876 exhibition. The painting was purchased by the American Impressionist Mary Cassatt and now belongs to the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore. Emile Zola described it as a “portrait of a woman dressed in white, sitting in the shadow of foliage, luminous patches dappling her dress like drops of water”….


      The exhibition at the Musée du Luxembourg will also go down in history, as a long overdue tribute to the man who broke the monopoly of the Académie des Beaux Arts and the official salon, and attained recognition for Impressionism. Without Durand-Ruel, the coherence of Impressionism as a movement might not have been appreciated…


      It is fitting that the exhibition opens with portraits of Durand-Ruel and his five children by Renoir:



      Pierre Auguste Renoir French, (1841–1919) The Daughters of Durand-Ruel, 1882. Oil on canvas



      Charles and Georges Durand-Ruel




      Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841–1919) Marie-Thérèse Durand-Ruel Sewing, 1882.



      Durand-Ruel waited until he was 69 years old, successful and serene, before sitting for his portrait.



      The exhibition closes with three exquisite dance paintings by Renoir: two from the Musée d’Orsay and one from the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. They show Renoir at his best, as the painter of happiness. 



      Dance at Bougival is one of the Boston Museum’s most prized paintings and is rarely loaned, so this is a rare chance to see his three variations on a theme, side by side.

      Giovanni Battista Moroni at the Royal Academy of Arts

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      This exhibition of outstanding works by Giovanni Battista Moroni (c.1520-1579), widely regarded as one of the greatest painters of the sixteenth century, will be the first comprehensive survey of his oeuvre to be held in the UK. 

      In the autumn of 2014, the Royal Academy of Artsgathered a selection of over 40 works to present Moroni not only as a distinctive portraitist but also as a fine religious painter, a role for which he is lesser known. For the first time, a number of altarpieces from the churches of the Diocese of Bergamo, northern Italy, will be displayed alongside examples of Moroni’s portraiture, chronologically charting his rise to the summit of Italian sixteenth-century painting. From works influenced by Lotto and Moroni’s master Moretto, to later commissions earned as the leading painter of Bergamo, Giovanni Battista Moroni  offers viewers the chance to discover Moroni as an unsung genius of the Renaissance.


      Moroni captured the exact likeness, character and inner life of his sitters with rare penetrating insight. His portraiture, singular not only for its unprecedented realism but also its psychological depth and immediacy, was in many ways ahead of his time. 

      Preempting the work of Caravaggio, Moroni came to be widely collected in the nineteenth century, including 




      Portrait of a Lady (c.1556-60) and 



      A Knight with a Jousting Helmet (c.1556), purchased by the National Gallery, London, in 1876. 

      Moroni’s portraits depict members of the society in which he lived, a cast of compelling Renaissance characters whose lives played out the feuds and family dramas of a pro-Spanish aristocracy living under the Republic of Venice in the mid-sixteenth century. With a selection to establish Moroni as one of the major specialists in the genre, his portraits reveal an enamel-like brightness, a clarity of design and a touch of realism which is in contrast to the adorned portraiture of his contemporary Titian.

      Although Moroni’s name was linked to Bergamo, he also lived and worked in the nearby towns of Brescia, Trent and Albino. Working in a city without a leading court, Moroni’s sitters span a surprisingly wide social spectrum; his clientèle, unique at the time, comprised intellectuals, professionals, state officers and artisans. His famous portrait of The Tailor (1565-1570), one of the highlights of this exhibition, is the first known portrait of a man depicted whilst undertaking manual labour:




      The Tailor, 1565-70. Oil on canvas, 99.5 x 77 cm. The National Gallery, London. Photo © The National Gallery, London


       In capturing the world around him, Moroni’s works also offer a vivid record of the fashions and fortunes of Bergamo, revealing changes in costume as the colourful silks of the portraits of Isotta Brembati (c.1555) and Gian Gerolamo Grumelli (c.1560):





      Isotta Brembatic.1555. Oil on canvas, 160 x 115 cm. Fondazione Museo di Palazzo Moroni - Lucretia Moroni Collection, Bergamo. Photo Fondazione Museo di Palazzo Moroni - Lucretia Moroni Collection, Bergamo. Photography: Marco Mazzoleni.




      Gian Gerolamo Grumellic. 1560. Oil on canvas, 216 x 123 cm. Fondazione Museo di Palazzo Moroni - Lucretia Moroni Collection, Bergamo. Photo Fondazione Museo di Palazzo Moroni - Lucretia Moroni Collection, Bergamo. Photography: Marco Mazzoleni. 



      yield to the more sombre styles of the Spanish fashion, seen in the portrait of 




      Pietro Secco Suardo (1563).

      Moroni’s religious paintings were completed in accordance with the principles of the Counter- Reformation and the Council of Trent (1545-1563). In these, a worshipper is often depicted as a witness to the sacred scene, as demonstrated by 


      (detail)

      The Last Supper (c.1566-1569). 

      The pastoral visit of the religious reformer Cardinal Charles Borromeo to the Diocese of Bergamo in 1575 prompted the churches of the region to commission many new religious paintings, and Moroni as the leading painter produced several art works for public devotion, including the altarpiece painting Saint Gotthard Enthroned with Saint Lawrence and Saint Catherine of Alexandria (c.1575). 


      The selection of Moroni’s religious works also includes examples of paintings intended for private devotion, such as A Gentleman in Adoration before the Baptism of Christ (c.1555-1560):




      A Gentleman in Adoration before the Baptism of Christc.1555-60. Oil on canvas, 112.8 x 104 cm Gerolamo and Roberta Etro. Photo Gerolamo and Roberta Etro



      The exhibition is a definitive survey of Moroni’s output and includes many of his greatest masterpieces. It eveals an artist who has perhaps gone unrecognised as an exceptional painter and a master of the Renaissance.

      More images from the exhibition:




      Young Ladyc.1560-65. Oil on canvas, 51 x 42 cm. Private collection. Photo Private collection






      Gian Girolamo Albani, c.1570. Oil on canvas, 107 x 75 cm. Private Collection. Photo: Private collection


      A not to be missed review

      Organisation

      Giovanni Battista Moroni has been organised by the Royal Academy of Arts, London. The exhibition has been curated by Simone Facchinetti, Curator of the Museo Adriano Bernareggi in Bergamo, and Arturo Galansino, Curator at the Royal Academy of Arts.

      Catalogue
      The exhibition will be accompanied by a fully illustrated and scholarly catalogue with contributions from Simone Facchinetti and Arturo Galansino. 

      Genius and Ambition: The Royal Academy of Arts, London

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      The Royal Academy of Arts announces the most significant touring exhibition of its Collection in its 246-year history. Genius and Ambition: The Royal Academy of Arts, London opened 2 March 2014 at Bendigo Art Gallery, Australia. 

      Spanning 150 years of the Academy, the exhibition focuses on a key period of the RA Collection: the so-called ‘long nineteenth century’ from 1768-1918. Comprising 56 paintings, twenty drawings, nine prints, eight historic books, two photographs and two sculptures, the display will also tour to four venues in Japan, between August 2014 – April 2015.

      Several works in the exhibition have never travelled outside of the UK before, including 




      Sir Joshua Reynolds PRA’s Theory (1789-90), and




      Sir Ernest Waterlow RA’s The Banks of the River Loing (1903) 


      Further highlights of the exhibition include 




      JMW Turner RA’s Dolbadern Castle (1800), 




      John Constable RA’s Boat Passing a Lock (1826), 





      Henry Fuseli RA’s Thor battering the Midgard Serpent (1790),





      Thomas Gainsborough RA’s Romantic Landscape with sheep at a spring (c. 1783), 





      John Singer Sargent RA’s Interior in Venice (1899) and 





      John William Waterhouse RA’s A mermaid (1900). 


      also in the exhibition:



      Charles West Cope's 'The Council of the Royal Academy Selecting Pictures for the Exhibition, 1875' (1876) | © ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS, LONDON; PHOTOGRAPHER: JOHN HAMMOND

      More images here


      Organisation

      This exhibition has been organised by MaryAnne Stevens, former Director of Academic Affairs, Royal Academy of Arts; Helen Valentine, Curator of Paintings and Sculpture, Royal Academy of Arts; Karen Quinlan, Director, Bendigo Art Gallery, and Tansy Curtin, Curator, Bendigo Art Gallery.

      Exhibition tour

      Ishikawa Prefectural Museum of Art, Japan: 1 August – 27 August 2014
      Tokyo Fuji Museum of Art, Japan: 7 October – 30 November 2014
      Shizuoka City Museum of Art, Japan: 9 December 2014 – 25 January 2015 Aichi Prefectural Museum of Art, Nagoya, Japan: 3 February 2014 – 5 April 2015


      Catalogue

      A fully illustrated catalogue, with essays by Tansy Curtin, Nick Savage, MaryAnne Stevens, Helen Valentine and Annette Wickham, has been produced to accompany the exhibition tour. Delving into the history of the Academy and its Collections, from its foundation until the First World War, the publication covers the Academy’s complex role in the history of art and the teaching of art in Britain and abroad. In addition to in-depth explorations of the Royal Academy, the Royal Academy Schools and the RA Library, the book also assesses the importance of the Academy for Australian artists, who travelled to London to study and exhibit at the Royal Academy of Arts. 

      GUY CARLETON WIGGINS at AUCTION

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      Sold for US$ 134,500 inc.premium

      Garth's auction Aug 04 2012 10:00 AM              Sold for $41,125




      A true gem of the sale is the lovely winter scene, Looking Down 5th Ave., by American artist Guy Carleton Wiggins. Billowing American flags, colorful umbrellas, buses, and delicate snowflakes: these are the elements which combine to make the oil on canvas board, which depicts a 1940s-50s New York City street scene with five American flags, come alive. The work is signed lower right and verso and measures 12"h. 9"w. Ex Questroyal Fine Art (New York), this example of Wiggins work adorns the front cover of the catalog and it is expected to hit the street for $35,000-45,000.

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