The first major museum survey dedicated to scenes of night in American art from 1860 to 1960—fromt he introduction of electricity to the dawn of the Space Age—opened at the Bowdoin College Museum of Art (BCMA) this June.
Night Vision: Nocturnes in American Art explores the critical importance of nocturnal imagery in the development of modern art by bringingtogether90worksin a range of media—including paintings, prints, drawings, photographs, and sculptures—created by such leading American artists as Ansel Adams, Charles Burchfield, Winslow Homer, Lee Krasner, Georgia O’Keeffe, Albert Ryder, John Sloan, Edward Steichen, and Andrew Wyeth, among others.
Featuring works from the BCMA’s robust collection of American art,as well as loans from 30 prestigious public and private collections across the United States—such as The Metropolitan Museum of Art; Phillips Collection; Philadelphia Museum of Art;a nd Museum of Fine Arts, Boston—the exhibition provides visitors with an opportunity to consider transformations in American art across generations and traditional stylistic confines.
Organized by BCMA Curator Joachim Homann, and on view at Bowdoin from June 27 through October 18, 2015, Night Vision demonstrates the popularity of the theme with American artists of diverse aesthetic convictions and investigate show they responded to the unique challenges of picturing the night.
The works featured in Night Vision reflect the diversityof subject matters that attracted artists to night scenes—ranging from reflections of moonlight on ocean waves, to encounters in electrified urban streets,to firework celebrations. For somemid-19th-centuryartists, such as Albert Bierstadt, paintings of the night offered the compelling artistic challenge of representing the natural elements of clouds, moon, and sky when shrouded in darkness, while at the same time providing rich opportunities for the symbolic use of light.
Following the industrial revolution and emergence of electricity in thelate19thand early 20th centuries, artists such as Winslow Homer, Albert Pinkham Ryder, and Charles Burchfield began to use nighttime conditions as a platform to disregard the conventions of naturalism in favor of new techniques, motifs, and artistic ideas. Across the range of works presented in Night Vision, visitors will see how reduced visual information and an altered perception in the dark tested artists’ ability to render shadow, light, and form.This lack of light ultimately resulted in less illustrative scenes and transformedt he night into an arena for stylistic experimentation and the rise of abstraction in the early-mid-20thcentury.
American artists during this period perceived the night as a catalyst for creative inspiration, expressive possibilities, and picturing nature’s infinite mystery,” said Homann. “When they claimed the moon for themselves, these artists occupied the night as a time of heightened observation and self-reflection—allowing them to become invisible, turn inward, and express personal truths in unique and poetic ways. Bringing this collection of nocturnes together for the first time, Night Vision seeks to expand the broader discourse on American art, the rise of modernism, and the value of art as personal expression.”
Night Vision is organized chronologically beginning with landscape artists’ visions of moonlight, moving to early Modernists’ experimental representations of electrified evenings,and concluding with interpretations of the night by American realists and abstract artists. Notable works in the exhibition include:
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•Winslow Homer’s The Fountains at Night, World’s Columbian Exposition (1893), an oil painting created in response to the 1893 World’s Fairin Chicago.The work depicts Frederick MacMonnies’ Columbian Fountain, a monumental neoclassical sculpture illuminated by electricity, helping to promote the United States as a leader in art, science, and industry.
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•Henry Ossawa Tanner’s Nicodemus Visiting Jesus (1899), the artist’s renowned painting of a moment in the Gospel of John during which the Pharisee Nicodemus listens intently to Christ’s teachings. Tanner, a master of the religious nocturne, uses light in subtle variations to create a spiritual aura, enhancing the message of the biblical subject matter. This work was one of several paintings Tanner created during his two trips to Jerusalem between 1897 and 1899, after expatriating himself from the United States due to racial discrimination. It was bought by the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, of which the artist was the first African American graduate.
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.•George Bellows’s Outside the Big Tent (1912), one of two oil paintings the artist created documenting a benefitcircus organized by hiswife, Emma, in her hometown of Montclair, New Jersey.Bellows submitted this work’s companion painting, The Circus, to the Armory Show in1913, where it received high praise for its drama and evocative quality. Both Outside the Big Tent and The Circusexhibit the artist’s signature dynamic brushwork, and predilection for painting spontaneous movement and action.
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•Charles Burchfield’s The Night Wind (1918), a haunting watercolor portraying the unsettling effects of darkness and the elements on the human experience as clouds and snow drifts morph into monstrous shapes overtaking a homestead.
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New York Night , 1928-1929 Georgia O'Keeffe
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Radiator Building — Night, New York by Georgia O'Keeffe 1927
•Georgia O’Keeffe’s New York Night (1927), a prime example of the artist’s now signature modernist style—as well as her shift from depicting nature’s landscapes to urban scenery—developed during her time in New York City between 1926 and 1929. A particularly popular subject during this period, New York skyscrapers were perceived as a symbol of technological innovation. O’Keeffe’s renderings were created based on observations of the height and distance of various structures, as well as the careful study of nighttime conditionsand the interplay between light, wind, and the moon. New York Night is one of several paintings that captured the view from the artist’s apartment at the Shelton Hotel.
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•Andrew Wyeth’s Night Hauling(1944), an unsettling depiction of a nocturnal lobster thief at work just as the threat of air raids duringWorld War II made the night a time of anxiety. The painting testifies to Wyeth’s ability to record an unusual light conditionwith great accuracy—phosphorescent algae growing in seawater.
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•Beauford Delaney’s Untitled (Jazz Club) (c. 1950), one of the artist’s depictions of Harlem’s vibrant jazz scene early in his career. During the 1940s and 50s, Delaney’s work focused on portraits, modernist interiors, and street scenes, which he rendered using impasto and large areas of saturated color. It was during this time that he forged close connections with Alfred Stieglitz, Georgia O’Keeffe, and Al Hirschfeld, whose work influenced his own artistic sensibility.
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Night Vision is accompanied by a fully illustrated catalogue, which includes a lead essay by Joachim Homannon the allure of the night for modern artists from Georgia O’Keeffe to Lee Krasner.C ontributions by Linda Docherty, Associate Professor Emerita of Art History; Alexander Nemerov, Professor of Art and Art History, Stanford University; Avis Berman, art historian and curator, New York; and Daniel Bosch, poet and faculty member, Emory University, explore aspects of American night scenes, such as the nighttime celebration of the Fourth of July, the symbolism of the moon, urban nightlife, and visual images of the night invoked in poetry of the period.
Night Vision: Nocturnes in American Art explores the critical importance of nocturnal imagery in the development of modern art by bringingtogether90worksin a range of media—including paintings, prints, drawings, photographs, and sculptures—created by such leading American artists as Ansel Adams, Charles Burchfield, Winslow Homer, Lee Krasner, Georgia O’Keeffe, Albert Ryder, John Sloan, Edward Steichen, and Andrew Wyeth, among others.
Featuring works from the BCMA’s robust collection of American art,as well as loans from 30 prestigious public and private collections across the United States—such as The Metropolitan Museum of Art; Phillips Collection; Philadelphia Museum of Art;a nd Museum of Fine Arts, Boston—the exhibition provides visitors with an opportunity to consider transformations in American art across generations and traditional stylistic confines.
Organized by BCMA Curator Joachim Homann, and on view at Bowdoin from June 27 through October 18, 2015, Night Vision demonstrates the popularity of the theme with American artists of diverse aesthetic convictions and investigate show they responded to the unique challenges of picturing the night.
The works featured in Night Vision reflect the diversityof subject matters that attracted artists to night scenes—ranging from reflections of moonlight on ocean waves, to encounters in electrified urban streets,to firework celebrations. For somemid-19th-centuryartists, such as Albert Bierstadt, paintings of the night offered the compelling artistic challenge of representing the natural elements of clouds, moon, and sky when shrouded in darkness, while at the same time providing rich opportunities for the symbolic use of light.
Following the industrial revolution and emergence of electricity in thelate19thand early 20th centuries, artists such as Winslow Homer, Albert Pinkham Ryder, and Charles Burchfield began to use nighttime conditions as a platform to disregard the conventions of naturalism in favor of new techniques, motifs, and artistic ideas. Across the range of works presented in Night Vision, visitors will see how reduced visual information and an altered perception in the dark tested artists’ ability to render shadow, light, and form.This lack of light ultimately resulted in less illustrative scenes and transformedt he night into an arena for stylistic experimentation and the rise of abstraction in the early-mid-20thcentury.
American artists during this period perceived the night as a catalyst for creative inspiration, expressive possibilities, and picturing nature’s infinite mystery,” said Homann. “When they claimed the moon for themselves, these artists occupied the night as a time of heightened observation and self-reflection—allowing them to become invisible, turn inward, and express personal truths in unique and poetic ways. Bringing this collection of nocturnes together for the first time, Night Vision seeks to expand the broader discourse on American art, the rise of modernism, and the value of art as personal expression.”
Night Vision is organized chronologically beginning with landscape artists’ visions of moonlight, moving to early Modernists’ experimental representations of electrified evenings,and concluding with interpretations of the night by American realists and abstract artists. Notable works in the exhibition include:
•Winslow Homer’s The Fountains at Night, World’s Columbian Exposition (1893), an oil painting created in response to the 1893 World’s Fairin Chicago.The work depicts Frederick MacMonnies’ Columbian Fountain, a monumental neoclassical sculpture illuminated by electricity, helping to promote the United States as a leader in art, science, and industry.
•Henry Ossawa Tanner’s Nicodemus Visiting Jesus (1899), the artist’s renowned painting of a moment in the Gospel of John during which the Pharisee Nicodemus listens intently to Christ’s teachings. Tanner, a master of the religious nocturne, uses light in subtle variations to create a spiritual aura, enhancing the message of the biblical subject matter. This work was one of several paintings Tanner created during his two trips to Jerusalem between 1897 and 1899, after expatriating himself from the United States due to racial discrimination. It was bought by the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, of which the artist was the first African American graduate.
.•George Bellows’s Outside the Big Tent (1912), one of two oil paintings the artist created documenting a benefitcircus organized by hiswife, Emma, in her hometown of Montclair, New Jersey.Bellows submitted this work’s companion painting, The Circus, to the Armory Show in1913, where it received high praise for its drama and evocative quality. Both Outside the Big Tent and The Circusexhibit the artist’s signature dynamic brushwork, and predilection for painting spontaneous movement and action.
•Charles Burchfield’s The Night Wind (1918), a haunting watercolor portraying the unsettling effects of darkness and the elements on the human experience as clouds and snow drifts morph into monstrous shapes overtaking a homestead.
New York Night , 1928-1929 Georgia O'Keeffe
Radiator Building — Night, New York by Georgia O'Keeffe 1927
•Georgia O’Keeffe’s New York Night (1927), a prime example of the artist’s now signature modernist style—as well as her shift from depicting nature’s landscapes to urban scenery—developed during her time in New York City between 1926 and 1929. A particularly popular subject during this period, New York skyscrapers were perceived as a symbol of technological innovation. O’Keeffe’s renderings were created based on observations of the height and distance of various structures, as well as the careful study of nighttime conditionsand the interplay between light, wind, and the moon. New York Night is one of several paintings that captured the view from the artist’s apartment at the Shelton Hotel.
•Andrew Wyeth’s Night Hauling(1944), an unsettling depiction of a nocturnal lobster thief at work just as the threat of air raids duringWorld War II made the night a time of anxiety. The painting testifies to Wyeth’s ability to record an unusual light conditionwith great accuracy—phosphorescent algae growing in seawater.
•Beauford Delaney’s Untitled (Jazz Club) (c. 1950), one of the artist’s depictions of Harlem’s vibrant jazz scene early in his career. During the 1940s and 50s, Delaney’s work focused on portraits, modernist interiors, and street scenes, which he rendered using impasto and large areas of saturated color. It was during this time that he forged close connections with Alfred Stieglitz, Georgia O’Keeffe, and Al Hirschfeld, whose work influenced his own artistic sensibility.
Night Vision is accompanied by a fully illustrated catalogue, which includes a lead essay by Joachim Homannon the allure of the night for modern artists from Georgia O’Keeffe to Lee Krasner.C ontributions by Linda Docherty, Associate Professor Emerita of Art History; Alexander Nemerov, Professor of Art and Art History, Stanford University; Avis Berman, art historian and curator, New York; and Daniel Bosch, poet and faculty member, Emory University, explore aspects of American night scenes, such as the nighttime celebration of the Fourth of July, the symbolism of the moon, urban nightlife, and visual images of the night invoked in poetry of the period.