Dutch Portraits: The Age Of Rembrandt And Frans Hals

At The National Gallery, London 27 June - 16 September 2007

For the first time ever, a major exhibition traced the development of Dutch portrait painting in the 17th century.

Following its independence from Spain in 1581, the Dutch Republic experienced an era of unprecedented wealth - the 'Golden Age'. Thanks to the successful activities of its merchants and entrepreneurs, a new middle-class elite emerged, which became the dominant force in local government and civic institutions. As a result, these people became the new principal patrons of the arts.

To establish and reinforce their social position, the bourgeoisie regularly commissioned portraits to commemorate the important moments in their lives: births, marriages, and professional and civic appointments. Artists were forced to find new solutions in portrait painting to satisfy the evolving demands of their clientele. The wide body of work they produced is the subject of Dutch Portraits: The Age of Rembrandt and Frans Hals.

The exhibition comprised around 60 works, all painted between 1599 and 1683. Rembrandt and Frans Hals were undoubtedly the greatest masters (the exhibition includes nine works by the former, and a dozen by the latter) but tens, if not hundreds, of other painters also worked in this genre.

Works by 29 different artists were featured in the exhibition, some by artists little known in the UK, such as



Jan van Ravesteyn (Hugo Grotius - Collection Frits Lugt, Institut Néerlandais, Paris)



and Johannes Cornelisz Verspronck (Andries Stilte as Standard Bearer - National Gallery of Art, Washington) - artists of enormous talent not then represented in UK public collections.

Exhibits ranged from small portraits meant for the private home to much larger portraits for and about the public sphere. Coming from the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam was the audacious marriage portrait Hals painted to celebrate the wedding of the wealthy merchant couple Abraham Massa and Beatrix van der Laen:



There were portraits of family groups



('Willem Kerckhoven and his Family' by Jan Mijtens - Haags Historisch Museum, The Hague),

charming portraits of children -



like the intimate portrayal of 'The Twins Clara and Aelbert de Bray' by Salomon de Bray from a private collection -



and history portraits, such as the splendid 'The Banquet of Antony and Cleopatra' by Jan de Bray, one of two loans from the Royal Collection.

One of the six rooms in the exhibition was given over to a selection of the large-scale group portraits of members of charitable institutions and civic guards. Notable paintings included




Thomas de Keyser's dashing 'Loef Vredericx' from the Mauritshuis, which had never been seen in the UK before,



and a remarkable militia portrait by Frans Hals and Peter Codde, 'The Meagre Company' (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam), the largest work in the show at an imposing 209 x 429cm.

An undoubted highlight of Dutch Portraits was the rare loans of two of Rembrandt's most famous works:



'The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicolaes Tulp' (Mauritshuis) and 'The Syndics' (De Staalmeesters) (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam). The 1632 Anatomy Lesson, featuring Dr Tulp explaining the musculature of the arm to a group of fascinated medical professionals, had not been seen in the UK for more than 40 years.



'The Syndics' - often heralded as the artist's greatest group portrait - was last there in 1992.

'Dutch Portraits: The Age of Rembrandt and Frans Hals' surveyed the unprecedented range and variety of painted portraiture in the Netherlands at this time, and gave insights into the fashion, occupations and ambitions of this group of affluent 17th-century individuals.

The exhibition was organized by the National Gallery, London, and the Royal Picture Gallery Mauritshuis, The Hague - where it traveled after London (13 October 2007 - 13 January 2008).

Also in the exhibition:



Frans Hals, 'Willem Coymans', 1645
© National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC Andrew W. Mellon Collection (1937.1.69). Image 2007 Board of Trustees.



Rembrandt (1606–1669), Double Portrait of Jan Rijcksen and Griet Jans (‘The Shipbuilder and his Wife), 1633. The Royal Collection © 2006, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (RCIN 405533).



Nicolaes Maes (1634–1693), Family Portrait, about 1676. © Courtesy Konrad O. Bernheimer of P. & D. Colnaghi, London and Richard Green, London (PND281).



Gerrit van Honthorst (1592–1656), Portrait of King Charles I with a Letter in his Hand, 1628. © By Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London (NPG 4444)