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Rosa Bonheur

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 Museum of Fine Arts, 

18 May-18 September 2022

Musée d'Orsay, 

October 18, 2022-January 15, 2023

 

On the occasion of the bicentenary of Rosa Bonheur's birth in Bordeaux, the Musée des Beaux-Arts in her hometown and the Musée d'Orsay, Paris, are organizing a major retrospective of her work. The Château de Rosa Bonheur in Thomery (Seine-et-Marne), where the artist lived for nearly half a century, as well as the Departmental Museum of Barbizon painters are the exceptional partners of the exhibition. The bicentenary of Rosa Bonheur's birth is included in the calendar of France Mémoire 2022 commemorations. This is the first retrospective dedicated to the artist since the one presented in 1997 in Bordeaux, Barbizon and New York.

A major national and international event, this event honors an extraordinary, innovative and inspiring artist. A true icon of the emancipation of women, Rosa Bonheur placed the living world at the heart of her work and her existence. She committed herself to the recognition of animals in their singularity. Through her great technical mastery, she knew how to restore both animal anatomy and psychology. This exhibition allows the public to (re)discover the power and richness of her art, as well as her life as a free woman, which has become legendary, and her work, popular in the United States and Great Britain.
  
Rosa Bonheur,  Studies of dogs  ©  M usée des Beaux-Arts, Photos: F. Deval.
 
This exhibition is presented in 2022 in Bordeaux and then in Paris. In Bordeaux, it unfolds between the Galerie des Beaux-Arts and the north wing of the museum and brings together nearly 200 works – paintings, graphic arts, sculptures, photographs and documents – from the most prestigious public and private collections in Europe and the United States. By its subject and its stakes, at the heart of the news, this exhibition is part of the international trend of exhibitions devoted to women artists and the renewed interest in the animal theme which will be honored at the occasion of the Fontainebleau Art History Festival this year.
 
A powerful and innovative work
 
Coming from a family of artists, Rosa Bonheur produces an abundant body of work, the fruit of her tireless observation of the animals that surround her and which she seeks to study by all possible means. Drawing her inspiration from her daily life but also from her travels, in Auvergne, in the Nivernais, in the Pyrenees, as well as in Scotland, she shows an insatiable curiosity for the diversity of species and their ecosystem. She is also fascinated by the wild beauty of the wide open spaces of the American West, and its inhabitants, human or not, even if she was never able to get there. The artist took great pleasure in depicting Buffalo Bill and all the actors in the Wild West Show in 1889.

Rosa Bonheur knew how to impose her talent very early on and achieved an exemplary career punctuated with honors and rewards. She measured herself against the greatest masters of the animal genre, long reserved for men, and confronted herself with monumental formats, giving her works the grandeur of history painting.

A lover of life

The way she looks at the world around her bears witness to a quite exceptional vision of both flora and fauna. Fascinated by animals, Rosa Bonheur had gathered around her, in her property in By, on the edge of the forest of Fontainebleau, a formidable menagerie, counting dozens of different species, where sheep, dogs, deer and fawns.

Placing the animal at the heart of her artistic creation within spectacular compositions or by isolating it in real portraits, Rosa Bonheur knew how to create an expressive work, of great realism and devoid of sentimentality, nourished by scientific discoveries and the new attention paid to local animal species, calling into question the hierarchy between species.

The exhibition plays on breaks in scale, the artist having painted very small formats or, on the contrary, monumental works, most often panoramic and dynamic, as well as real full-length portraits of animals. This is how Rosa Bonheur depicts the majesty of the deer in the King of the Forest (Private collection, USA) or the beauty and power of half-wild horses in La Toulaison du Blé en Camargue (Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux ). The artist states their belonging to the rural world and peasant life while exalting their telluric strength. It celebrates agriculture and the fertility of Mother Earth, and gives shape to a poem by Frédéric Mistral set to music by his friend Charles Gounod.

An extraordinary personality

Celebrated since her lifetime on both sides of the Atlantic, this fascinating personality, whose exhibition proposes to reveal little explored, even unknown aspects, knew how to impose herself both as a free woman and an officially recognized artist in a very corseted century. The first female artist to receive the Legion of Honour, Rosa Bonheur was able to benefit from an effective commercial strategy and join forces with the most eminent dealers and collectors to dominate the art market and gain financial and moral independence. A true "star" in her time, a virtuoso and demanding artist, she organized her life around her work and the incessant quest for perfection, accompanied by women, and more particularly by her lifelong friend Nathalie Micas, who lived by her side more forty years old,

Rosa Bonheur was quickly perceived as a model to follow in the quest for independence for women, and artists in particular. Articles and reviews, French, but especially English or American, testify to this inspiring force for future generations. The spread of the artist's image was such that, in addition to numerous painted, photographed, or engraved portraits, Rosa Bonheur's work, like her portrait, became the subject of what we would call today today “by-products”.
 
One of the originalities of the exhibition consists in presenting an important selection of painted and drawn studies and sketches, allowing to appreciate the part of the drawing in the creative process of the artist, and giving to see sheets of a rare beauty. A completely new monumental sketch, recently discovered at the Château Rosa Bonheur, is on display for the first time, along with drawn photographs that reveal an unexpected aspect of the artist's creation. More unusual parts of his work often intended for a more intimate sphere (paintings on pebbles, carved chestnuts, etc.) are also presented. Finally, the exhibition emphasizes the personality of Rosa Bonheur, her humour, her taste for caricatures and the fruitful relationships she had with personalities from the musical world,
 

George Achille-Fould,  Portrait of Rosa Bonheur  © Museum of Fine Arts, Photo: F. Deval.

A work that still resonates today

200 years after her birth, the art and personality of Rosa Bonheur are more topical than ever: the place of women in art and society, the approach to nature and the living, the animal cause and the ecofeminism. The exhibition is accompanied by a multidisciplinary cultural program consistent with the actions in favor of gender equality that the museum has been carrying out for several years and a catalog which is the first scientific publication giving an overview multiple aspects of the work of Rosa Bonheur (Co-edition Musée d'Orsay / Flammarion, 45 euros).
 
Visible at the Galerie du musée des Beaux-Arts, this exhibition continues in the north wing of the museum with Rosa Bonheur's immense masterpiece, La Toulaison du Blé en Carmargue , some of her sculptures and works by his family, in particular his brothers Isidore and Auguste.
In addition to the first presentation of the film Bonheur by performer and filmmaker Nicolas Boone (2021, production and collection Frac Nouvelle-Aquitaine MÉCA), film visible at the reception of the North wing of the Museum of Fine Arts until September 18 . 
 
dates 
Gallery of the museum and north wing of the 
 
 
Rosa Bonheur,  Milling wheat in the Camargue , 1864-1899 © Museum of Fine Arts of Bordeaux, Photo: F. Deval. 
 
And also :
at the Château de Rosa Bonheur in Thomery: presentation of two exhibitions: The Museum of Lost Works (March 9-August 28, 2022) and Rosa Bonheur Intimate (September 17, 2022-January 30, 2023).
at the Château de Fontainebleau: Capture the Soul exhibition. Rosa Bonheur and animal art (June 3, 2022-January 23, 2023).

 






Rosa Bonheur, Etude de cheval bai, Musée d’Orsay, déposé au Musée national du château de Fontainebleau.


Love Life -David Hockney Drawings 1963-1977

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 The Holburne Museum

27 May to 18 September 2022

A line drawing by David Hockney featrung a book and a bottle of water on a table

David Hockney, Vichy Water and ‘Howards End,’ Carennac, 1970 © David Hockney

 A sumptuous collection of rarely seen drawings by one of our most popular and recognisable artists goes on display in Bath this summer

In 2017, prior to the opening of a retrospective exhibition at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, David Hockney (b.1937) painted the words ‘Love Life’ on the final wall of the show. Explaining his actions, he said: “I love my work. And I think the work has love, actually … I love life. I write it at the end of letters – ‘Love life, David Hockney.”

David Hockney, Ossie Wearing a Fairisle Sweater, 1970 © David Hockney Photo Credit: Fabrice Gibert

Hockney’s delight in the world is no better demonstrated than in the drawings he made in the late 1960s and 1970s. Visitors to the exhibition will be able to marvel at his extraordinary power of observation and skill in using tiny, mundane details to help capture a situation, a sitter’s character, or a place. That simple exhortation is a now common refrain for the artist, who regularly appeals for people to enjoy the simple beauty of the world around them. Although Hockney’s love of life has been exemplified through recent bodies of work, such as depicting the progress of spring in his native Yorkshire (2011-13) and, most recently, in Normandy (2020), the Holburne’s new exhibition will demonstrate how Hockney’s ‘Love Life’ dictum has underpinned his art since the 1960s.

The Holburne Museum’s Director and curator of this exhibition, Chris Stephens says: “Hockney’s drawings of this time are some of the greatest bodies of draughtsmanship in the whole canon of western art. In pencil, coloured crayon and, especially, pen and ink, he captures the look and character of his subject with the utmost economy. As Love Life demonstrates, a few lines can perfectly describe the fall of someone’s clothing, the impression of a head on a pillow and his ability to find beauty in the most ordinary of things: empty chairs in a hotel lobby, the mess of a table after an al fresco lunch, a friend’s glasses protruding from his pocket.”

 He adds: “The exhibition reveals his delight in the world around him and the way he sees deeply and then condenses a given scene in the most concise way, like visual poetry.”

Hockney’s finding of beauty in the ordinary is most beautifully expressed in his still lifes; from a box of matches on a table to prosaic bunches of spring onions and leeks. This sense of delight is also expressed in his renditions of architectural exteriors and interiors, with a particular interest in empty rooms, chairs, and windows. It is also a key aspect of his famous portrait drawings, in which he uses closely observed details to capture the character of his subject – the twist of restaurateur Peter Langan’s tie, a cigar protruding from Henry Geldzahler’s fingers – and their setting; precisely rendering certain details of the furniture in a room, whether they be Celia Birtwell’s Breuer chair, or cars in a Viennese street behind the artist R.B. Kitaj. Whatever the subject matter, Hockney always captures it with both sensitivity and a certain wit.

Counterbalancing his more everyday subjects, Hockney’s depictions of his friends remind us of the elevated circles he was already moving in during the formative stages of his career, including three great writers of the 1930s (seen in later life), W.H. Auden (1907-1973), Christopher Isherwood (1904-1986) and Stephen Spender (1909-1995), the aforementioned Peter Langan (1941-1988), plus Celia Birtwell (b.1941) and Ossie Clark (1942-1996), the subjects of one of his most iconic paintings, Mr. and Mrs. Clark and Percy (1971).

With over 40 of Hockney’s drawings on loan from private collections, Love Life is a wonderful way to enjoy his artistry, as Chris Stephens asserts: “I am so excited to present this wonderful show of master drawings, some well-known and some rarely seen. I have long believed David Hockney to be one of the greatest draughtsmen of all time and I consider his drawings of the later 60s and 70s to be among the greatest works by him and, for that matter, by anyone else.”

David Hockney OM CH RA was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire on 9 July 1937. He studied at Bradford School of Art (1953-58) and the Royal College of Art (1959-62) and became an important figure in the pop art movement of the 1960s. Today, he is regarded as one of the most influential and important British artists of the late 20th century.

In 1964 Hockney moved to Los Angeles, which had a significant impact on his life and art. During the period covered in the Holburne’s Love Life exhibition, Hockney moved between residences in LA, London and Paris.

Much as he is a renowned painter and draughtsman, Hockney is also an accomplished printmaker, stage designer, photographer and videographer. Now in his 80s, Hockney continues to be an innovator by embracing new technologies and changing his style accordingly. From his portraits and images of Los Angeles swimming pools, through to his drawings, Polaroid compositions, Yorkshire landscapes and spring paintings, Hockney has amassed a body of work that continues to make him one of Britain’s best-loved artists.

David Hockney 1059 Balboa Blvd. 1967 Colored pencil on paper 35.56 x 45.1 cm (14 x 17.75 Inches) © David Hockney.

The Fantasy of the Middle Ages

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Getty Center, Los Angeles

June 21 – September 11, 2022

Saint George and the Dragon, about 1450– 55, Master of Guillebert de Mets (Flemish, active about 1410–50). Tempera colors, gold leaf, and ink on parchment, 19.4 × 14 cm (7 5/8 × 5 1/2 in.). Getty Museum, Ms. 2 (84.ML.67), fol. 18v
Stolzenfels Castle, 1878 C. Hertel (German, active 1860s–1870s). Albumen silver print 9.8 × 14.8 cm (3 7/8 × 5 13/16 in.) Getty Museum 84.XP.1156.5
Fairies in a Bird’s Nest, 1860. John Anster Fitzgerald (English, 1823–1906). Oil on canvas, 40.6 × 48.3 cm (16 × 19 in.) Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. Museum purchase, Grover A. Magnin Bequest Fund and Volunteer Council Art Acquisition Fund
The Waiting Maid Sprang Down First and Maid Maleen Followed, 1917. Arthur Rackham (English, 1867–1939). Engraving 19 cm (7 1/2 in.) Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA EX.2022.3.3
The Battle Between Arnault de Lorraine and His Wife Lydia, 1467–1472 Loyset Liédet (Flemish, active about 1448 – 1478) and Pol Fruit (Flemish, active about 1468) Tempera colors, gold leaf, and gold paint on parchment 23.7 × 18.9 cm (9 5/16 × 7 7/16 in.) Getty Museum Ms. Ludwig XIII 6, leaf 11 (83.MP.149.11.recto)
A Dragon, about 1270. Unknown, Franco-Flemish. Tempera colors, gold leaf, and ink on parchment, 19.1 × 14.3 cm (7 1/2 × 5 5/8 in.) Getty Museum. Ms. Ludwig XV 3 (83.MR.173), fol. 89
The Parting of Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere, 1875. Julia Margaret Cameron (British, born India, 1815– 1879). Albumen silver print 33.8 × 28.1 cm (13 5/16 × 11 1/16 in.) Getty Museum. 84.XO.732.1.1.10
Sir Thopas, 1930, Rockwell Kent (American, 1882–1971)’. Paper, 38.8 × 26.2 × 3.9 cm (15 1/4 × 10 5/16 × 1 9/16 in.) Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. Rights courtesy of Plattsburgh State Art Museum, State University of New York, USA, Rockwell Kent Collection, Bequest of Sally Kent Gorton. All rights reserved.

From fairytales to theme parks and Harry Potter to Game of Thrones, the Middle Ages have been mythologized, dramatized, and re-envisioned time and again, proving an irresistible point of inspiration for creative reinterpretations. The stories and images of vibrant illuminated manuscripts have informed countless genres – of which fantasy is one of the most prevalent and revealing. 

Spanning two galleries and divided into five sections, The Fantasy of the Middle Ages (on view at the Getty Center in Los Angeles from June 21 – September 11, 2022) looks closely at medieval inspiration in the storytelling and art of many creators, including the Brothers Grimm, J.R.R. Tolkien, Howard Pyle, Arthur Rackham, and Disney Studio artists. 

“Drawn from the Getty Museum’s singular collection of medieval manuscripts, together with select objects from later centuries, this exhibition examines how works of fantasy blend historical source material with legendary or magical elements in the creation of characters, creatures, and cultures that have captured readers’ imaginations for centuries,” says Timothy Potts, Maria Hummer-Tuttle and Robert Tuttle Director of the Getty Museum. “We are fortunate to have a rich and diverse collection of manuscripts – and a group of highly creative curators – that allows us to explore this and many other themes through constantly rotating exhibitions.”

“The Middle Ages continually inspire revivalist versions of art, literature, photography, film, immersive reenactments, video games, and much more. This exhibition will capture some of the magic that this period evokes, while also exploring themes of gender, sexuality, race, and religion in both medieval and modern fantasy,” says Bryan C. Keene, assistant professor of art history at Riverside City College and former associate curator of manuscripts at Getty.

The exhibition’s first section, The Medieval Imagination, concentrates on the close relationship between history and fantasy in the Middle Ages. Medieval works provided inspiration for centuries of reinterpretations of their costumes, settings, and architecture. 

A Magical Middle Ages looks at the emergence of fairies, goblins, wizards, and more in the revival of “once upon a time" folktales, lore, and handcrafts, and includes magic wands alongside prints and books that reimagine witches, dragons, and other magical creatures as part of the Middle Ages. 

King Arthur and Camelot highlights one of the most beloved and retold medieval stories – featuring Queen Guinevere, the wizard Merlin, and the knights of the Round Table – by pairing an illuminated manuscript with prints, photographs, and books related to historical re-imaginings of this legendary figure and his court. Staging the Middle Ages explores the chivalric drama of medieval tournaments and pageants during the postmedieval period, including Andy Warhol’s pop-up castle and costume studies for Hollywood films. 

Finally, The Middle Ages on Location brings the settings of the Middle Ages into view, from castles to cathedrals, forests, and faraway lands, as they are presented in movies and video games—all recognizable places included in medieval-inspired films and television, as well as familiar scene-setting concept art for Disney’s Sleeping Beautyand the prop book from The Sword in the Stone

The Middle Ages live on in myriad ways in popular culture and as collectible items. A display of objects from the personal collections of Getty staff connects the themes of the exhibition and shows the endurance of fantasies of the Middle Ages today. Expect to find miniatures from Dungeons & Dragons, the whimsical artwork of Magic: The Gathering cards, game cartridges for The Legend of Zelda, Halloween costumes, Lord of the Rings ephemera, Barbie royalty, and much more.

“This exhibition pulls back the curtain on some of the original scenes that have moved artists and storytellers for centuries,” says Larisa Grollemond, Assistant Curator of Manuscripts of the J. Paul Getty Museum. “Our hope is that visitors relish drawing connections between the illuminated manuscripts and the works they inspired.” 

Concept Art, 1958. Eyvind Earle (American, 1916-2000) From Sleeping Beauty (Walt Disney Productions). Gouache on board 23.5 × 55.2 cm (9 1/4 × 21 3/4 in.) Hilbert Collection. © Disney Enterprises, Inc.




This exhibition is accompanied by a publication, The Fantasy of the Middle Ages: An Epic Journey through Fantasy Medieval Worlds.


This abundantly illustrated book is an illuminating exploration of the impact of medieval imagery on three hundred years of visual culture.
 
From the soaring castles of 
Sleeping Beauty to the bloody battles of Game of Thrones, from Middle-earth in The Lord of the Rings to mythical beasts in Dungeons & Dragons, and from Medieval Times to the Renaissance Faire, the Middle Ages have inspired artists, playwrights, filmmakers, gamers, and writers for centuries. Indeed, no other historical era has captured the imaginations of so many creators.

This volume aims to uncover the many reasons why the Middle Ages have proven so applicable to a variety of modern moments from the eighteenth through the twenty-first century. These “medieval” worlds are often the perfect ground for exploring contemporary cultural concerns and anxieties, saying much more about the time and place in which they were created than they do about the actual conditions of the medieval period. With over 140 color illustrations, from sources ranging from thirteenth-century illuminated manuscripts to contemporary films and video games, and a preface by Game of Thrones costume designer Michele Clapton, The Fantasy of the Middle Ages will surprise and delight both enthusiasts and scholars.

The Morgan Stanley Exhibition: Edvard Munch. Masterpieces from Bergen

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The Courtauld Gallery

27 May – 4 September 2022

A collection of significant paintings by Edvard Munch (1863-1944) have gone on show together for the first time in the UK in a new exhibition at The Courtauld.

Also see newly edited: Edvard Munch in Dialogue 

The Morgan Stanley Exhibition: Edvard Munch. Masterpieces from Bergen showcases 18 seminal works by Munch on loan from KODE Art Museums in Bergen, Norway – home to one of the most important Munch collections in the world. The exhibition follows The Morgan Stanley Exhibition: Van Gogh. Self-Portraits, one of the most highly-attended exhibitions in The Courtauld’s history.

Seen together for the first time outside of Scandinavia, the collection presents an exceptional overview of Munch’s development as an artist, providing a rich and comprehensive account of his journey from the early breakthrough pictures of the 1880s which launched his career, through to the expressive and psychologically charged works of the 1890s for which he became known.

The remarkable collection was formed at the beginning of the 20th century by Norwegian industrialist and philanthropist Rasmus Meyer (1858-1916). An early champion of Munch’s work, Meyer knew the artist personally. He astutely acquired major canvases that chart the development of the painter’s unique expressive style that marks Munch as one of the most radical painters of the 20th century. At the time of Meyer’s death in 1916, the canvases encompassed what was then the most comprehensive documentation of Norwegian contemporary art in any collection and the largest single group of works by Edvard Munch. The collection was gifted to the city of Bergen in 1916, and housed since 1924 in a purpose-built gallery in the heart of Bergen, part of KODE Art Museums and Composer Homes.

The exhibition at The Courtauld begins with important early paintings from the 1880s, when Munch was drawing on social realism, Naturalist techniques, and the legacy of French Impressionism to create his own style. This is exemplified by the artist’s first major work, Morning (1884), painted when he was just twenty years old. Despite being controversial at the time for its unconventional style and its intimate subject, the picture helped to establish Munch’s critical and public recognition as a modern painter and was exhibited at the Paris World Fair in 1889.

Another early highlight in the exhibition is Munch’s large-scale canvas Summer Night. Inger on the Beach (1889), a powerful and evocative depiction of his sister Inger sitting by the shoreline of a fjord. This pivotal work has long been celebrated as the painting with which Munch found his artistic voice. Summer Night marks his move towards the expressive and psychologically charged output for which he became famous.

These early paintings launched Munch’s career in Norway and internationally and set the stage for his ground-breaking paintings of the 1890s when his compositions became powerful projections of his emotions and psychological state. Major examples of these 1890s works form the larger part of the exhibition. Instantly recognisable by Munch’s highly expressive handling of paint and rich colour, they include remarkable canvases from the artist’s famous ‘Frieze of Life’ series, such as Evening on Karl Johan (1892), Melancholy (1894-96) and By the Death Bed (1895). Munch’s ‘Frieze of Life’ canvases were intended to address profound themes of human existence, from love and desire to anxiety and death. The artist used his own experiences as source material to create visceral depictions of the human psyche, which he hoped would help others understand their own life. Munch’s ambition to create paintings that operated on a deeply emotional and psychological level, marked him out as one of the most distinctive voices of modern art at the turn of the 20th century.

The exhibition also includes Self-Portrait in the Clinic (1909), one of Munch’s most impressive and introspective self-portraits, painted when he was undergoing treatment for emotional stress in Copenhagen. This powerful work marked a significant and lasting shift in Munch’s style, as he adopted a brighter palette and started applying paint with loose, jagged brushstrokes that left parts of the canvas visible. Munch deployed this new approach to remarkable effect in Youth (1908), one of the paintings Meyer acquired directly from the artist. Its near-life sized depiction of a naked young man on the beach is full of a renewed sense of vitality that characterised Munch’s work at this time.

Edvard Munch. Masterpieces from Bergen is presented in The Courtauld’s Denise Coates Exhibition Galleries and is the second in The Morgan Stanley Series of temporary exhibitions at The Courtauld. The Courtauld’s permanent collection of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist masterpieces, on display in the adjacent newly refurbished LVMH Great Room, provide rich context for the exhibition, revealing some of the artistic inspirations Munch encountered during his experimental years in Paris from 1889 – 1892, where he discovered the modern styles of Gauguin, Toulouse Lautrec and Van Gogh.

The exhibition is the result of a partnership which saw The Courtauld and KODE presenting Paul Cézanne: Masterpieces from The Courtauld in Bergen in 2021.

The Morgan Stanley Exhibition: Edvard Munch. Masterpieces from Bergen is accompanied by a fully illustrated catalogue with contributions from experts from KODE and The Courtauld.

This exhibition is sponsored by Morgan Stanley, and supported by the AKO Foundation, with additional support from the Huo Family Foundation.

Professor Deborah Swallow, Märit Rausing Director of The Courtauld, said:  

“We are so excited to welcome visitors to this spectacular exhibition of Edvard Munch paintings, many of which have never been in the United Kingdom before.

“Our recently closed exhibition Van Gogh. Self-Portraits, one of the most successful in the history of The Courtauld Gallery, saw us work with partner organisations all over the world to achieve a show-stopping exhibition. I am delighted that we have been able to continue this collaborative approach by working with KODE, one of Norway’s most significant artistic institutions, to create an exhibition which will capture the imagination of visitors. I’d like to thank them once more for their support.

“I would also like to thank our Founding Partner Morgan Stanley, and our supporters the AKO Foundation and the Huo Family Foundation most warmly for making this exhibition possible.”

Dr. Barnaby Wright, curator of the exhibition: “This is an unprecedented opportunity to see the major works from one of the world’s great collections of paintings by Edvard Munch. Remarkable paintings from the famous ‘Frieze of Life’ series will undoubtedly be highlights, but I think visitors will also find Munch’s seminal early paintings extraordinary, if less familiar.”

“Munch is one of the most influential artists of the modern period and is still a touchstone for leading artists today. He was in turn influenced by the major Impressionist and Post-Impressionist artists represented in The Courtauld Gallery’s iconic collection. The Morgan Stanley Exhibition: Edvard Munch. Masterpieces from Bergen represents a fantastic opportunity for visitors to see Munch’s work within the context of these famous artists who were so important to him in his formative years.”


IMAGES

All images from  KODE Art Museums in Bergen, Norway



Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), At the Deathbed, 1895, KODE A…ergen, Norway .




Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), Bathing Boys, 1904-1905, KODE…ergen, Norway



Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), Children Playing in the Street …ergen, Norway



Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), Evening on Karl Johan, 1892, K…ergen, Norway



Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), Four Stages of Life, 1902, KOD…ergen, Norway



Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), House in Moonlight, 1893, KOD…ergen, Norway




Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), Inger in Sunshine, 1888, KODE…ergen, Norway



Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), Man and Woman, 1898, KODE…ergen, Norway



Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), Marie Helene Holmboe, 1898, …ergen, Norway



Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), Melancholy, 1894-1896, KODE A…ergen, Norway




Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), Moonlight on the Beach, 1892…ergen, Norwa


Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), Nude in Profile Towards the R…ergen, Norway



Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), Self-Portrait, 1909, KODE Art M…ergen, Norway




Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), Spring Day on Karl Johan, 1890…, Norway



Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), Summer Night. Inger on the B…ergen, Norway






Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), Woman in Three Stages, 1894,…ergen, Norway



Edvard Munch, (1863-1944), Youth, 1908, KODE Art Museum…ergen, Norway

ERNST WILHELM NAY Retrospective

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 The Hamburger Kunsthalle is dedicating a solo exhibition to Ernst Wilhelm Nay (1902–1968), the first retrospective in many years of the work of one of the leading painters of the twentieth century. Nay’s vibrant and colourful paintings form a bridge between art before and after the Second World War. His art merges elements of Expressionism, abstraction and gestural painting after 1945 and links German and international modernism. 

Based on around 120 paintings, watercolours and drawings, the show explores all phases of Nay’s complex oeuvre. The works span a period of fifty years, from 1919 and 1968, displaying a wide range of different modes of representation and historical references. Works on loan from prominent public and private collections are complemented here be some twenty exhibits from the collection of the Hamburger Kunsthalle. 

The retrospective is arranged chronologically and unfurls the various phases of Nay’s oeuvre in five chapters: from the early works, to the so-called Lofoten Pictures, Hekate Pictures, Rhythmic Pictures, Disc Pictures and Eye Pictures, to the late work. Jumps back and forth in time simultaneously allow viewers to comprehend Nay’s work as an organic, interwoven whole. 

Ernst Wilhelm Nay gained recognition as an artist early on, was represented in important exhibitions and received his first awards. The Nazis then confiscated several of his works from museums to exhibit as what they labelled »Degenerate Art«. After the Second World War, his star rose rapidly with his participation in the documenta in Kassel, the biennials in São Paulo and Venice, and exhibitions in New York, establishing him as a much-discussed figure on the modern art scene. He was declared a leading abstract painter and secured Germany a place on the global art scene after 1945. This truncated view of what was in fact a diverse oeuvre ensured appreciation for Nay’s art but also elicited criticism by a later generation of artists starting in the 1960s. 

Nay was closely connected with Hamburg: The Kunsthalle purchased many of his works for its collection, in 1953 he taught for three months at the Landeskunstschule (today HFBK, Hamburg University of Fine Arts), and in 1955 he was awarded the prestigious Lichtwark Prize of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. T

A richly illustrated scholarly exhibition catalogue (Wienand Verlag, Cologne, 256 pages,


The exhibition has been organised in cooperation with the Ernst Wilhelm Nay Foundation, Cologne, and two other museums which will subsequently host the exhibition: the Museum Wiesbaden (16 September 2022 to 5 February 2023) and the MKM Museum Küppersmühle für Moderne Kunst, Duisburg (23 March to 6 August 2023).

The Woman in White: Joanna Hiffernan and James McNeill Whistler

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National Gallery of Art, in Washington, DC, 

July 3–October 10, 2022

James McNeill Whistler, Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl, 1861–1863, 1872, oil on canvas, overall: 213 x 107.9 cm (83 7/8 x 42 1/2 in.) National Gallery of Art, Washington, Harris Whittemore Collection

When James McNeill Whistler (1834–1903) and Joanna Hiffernan (1839–1886) met in 1860, they began a close professional and personal relationship that lasted for over two decades. Featuring some 60 works including paintings, drawings, and prints, The Woman in White: Joanna Hiffernan and James McNeill Whistler explores their partnership and the iconic works of art arising from their collaboration. Bringing together nearly every known depiction of Hiffernan, as well as relevant documents and letters, this exhibition explores who Hiffernan was, her partnership with Whistler, and her role in the creative process. The Woman in White is on view from July 3 through October 10, 2022, in the National Gallery’s East Building in Washington, DC.

James McNeill Whistler, A White Note, 1862, oil on canvas, overall: 36.8 x 31.8 cm (14 1/2 x 12 1/2 in.) The Lunder Collection, Colby College Museum of Art, Waterville, ME, 021.2011

Baptized in Limerick, Ireland, Joanna Hiffernan immigrated to London with her parents and siblings—where, as Irish Catholics, they experienced poverty and social prejudice in a class-bound society. When they met in 1860, Hiffernan not only became Whistler's primary model but also helped manage his studio and financial affairs. In 1866, Whistler gave her power of attorney and made her his sole heir in his will. In 1870, after Whistler fathered a child with Louisa Fanny Hanson, Hiffernan and her sister Agnes Singleton raised the boy, Charles ("Charlie") James Whistler Hanson. The child became the primary connection between Hiffernan and Whistler through the 1870s and into the 1880s. In 1886, Hiffernan died of bronchitis after lifelong respiratory problems that may have been exacerbated by her earlier exposure to toxic art materials while working in the studio.

Despite all the records, letters, and works of art that document Hiffernan's life, much remains to be discovered. Personal correspondence is rare, and no photographs of Hiffernan or works of art by her have yet been found. Presenting what is known, the exhibition invites visitors to participate in recovering Hiffernan's humanity by considering the essential mystery of who she was.

"This is the first exhibition to delve deeply into how these exquisite depictions of Joanna Hiffernan were made, what they mean, who Hiffernan was, as well as the broader influence and resonance of Hiffernan's collaboration with Whistler for Victorian culture in the late 19th century," said Kaywin Feldman, director of the National Gallery of Art. "We are deeply grateful to Professor Margaret F. MacDonald, the preeminent authority on Whistler's art and life, for graciously agreeing to guest curate this presentation in collaboration with Ann Dumas and Charles Brock. I would like to extend our thanks to our lenders for their willingness to share their treasured works of art and to the Terra Foundation for American Art for their support of the exhibition and its accompanying book."

James McNeill Whistler, Weary, 1863, signed with butterfly, c. 1874, drypoint on cream Asian laid paper plate: 19.7 x 13.1 cm (7 3/4 x 5 3/16 in.) Collection of the University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, Bequest of Margaret Watson Parker, 1954/1.353

The exhibition has been curated by Margaret F. MacDonald, professor emerita of art history, University of Glasgow, in collaboration with Ann Dumas, curator at the Royal Academy of Arts and consultant curator of European art, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, and Charles Brock, associate curator of American and British paintings at the National Gallery of Art.

The exhibition travels from Royal Academy of Arts, London, to the National Gallery of Art, in Washington, DC, July 3–October 10, 2022.

Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl (1861–1863), one of the National Gallery's most famous and popular works, is presented together with Whistler’s second and third "Symphony in White" paintings, for the first time in the United States. Featuring an anonymous subject—who we identify as Joanna Hiffernan, an Irish Catholic woman with little or no status in British society—these works shifted the essence of modern art from sentimental storytelling and stark realism toward abstraction: viewers were left to speculate about who the striking model might be.

James McNeill Whistler, The Artist in His Studio (Whistler in His Studio), 1865/1872, 1895, oil on paper mounted on panel overall: 63 x 47.3 cm (24 13/16 x 18 5/8 in.) The Art Institute of Chicago, Friends of American Art Collection, 1912.141 The Art Institute of Chicago / Art Resource, NY

In addition to these visual "symphonies," the first gallery of the exhibition showcases Hiffernan in a variety of other roles and settings, ranging from gritty, working-class surroundings (Wapping (1860–1864), named for a district by the River Thames in London) to exquisitely arranged interiors where she is surrounded by beautiful examples of textiles, pottery, and prints from Whistler's extensive collections of Asian art.  

In the second gallery, etchings and drawings portray Hiffernan as Whistler would have encountered her in the shared spaces of their studio and home in London. The intimate scale of these works on paper—originally intended to be handheld—amplify the personal, psychological dimensions of the pair’s relationship. Notable works include two striking drypoints: Jo (1861) and Weary (1863).

The paintings of women dressed in white in the third gallery were made during the Victorian era by European and American artists who either influenced, or were themselves directly inspired by, Hiffernan and Whistler's most significant and controversial collaboration, Symphony in White, No 1: The White Girl. This gallery highlights not only how other artists incorporated the technical challenges of painting white in their work, but also some of the broader cultural associations that the color held for Victorian audiences, from fashion and spiritualism to perceptions of gender and race. Among the works featured here are significant paintings by John Singer Sargent (1856–1925), Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–1882), and John Everett Millais (1829–1896). Symphonie in blanc (1908) by Andrée Karpelès (1885–1956) stands out as the sole portrait of a "woman in white" painted by a woman in this exhibition and is a particularly striking example of the pervasive influence of Whistler's "Symphony in White" paintings.

The last gallery of the exhibition returns to the history of Hiffernan and Whistler's partnership. It includes three portraits of Hiffernan by Gustave Courbet (1819–1877), from when the three spent time together in the seaside village of Trouville, France, in the fall of 1865. Also on view is a series of illustrations that Whistler and Hiffernan undertook in 1862. Featured in the popular periodicals Good Words and Once a Week, Hiffernan takes on various roles—a cotton-mill worker, a tapestry weaver, a nun—posed as if in moments of anguish, doubt, or peaceful introspection. These images suggest affinities between Hiffernan's own experience and the plight of the women she portrays.

James McNeill Whistler, Symphony in White, No. 3, 1865–1867, oil on canvas overall: 51 x 76.5 cm (20 1/16 x 30 1/8 in.) The Henry Barber Trust, The Barber Institute of Fine Arts, The University of Birmingham Bridgeman Images

In addition to the works of art, letters and documents presented in the final gallery shed light on the complex personal relationship between Whistler and Hiffernan. We see depictions of Hiffernan's sisters Agnes and Ellen, Whistler's son Charles—and the woman who supplanted Hiffernan as Whistler's chief model, Maud Franklin. Among the documents on view are letters from Whistler to Hiffernan, a legal document granting her power of attorney, and Whistler's will designating her as his sole heir—items that illuminate the key role Hiffernan played in their unconventional yet enduring partnership.

Albert Herter, Portrait of Bessie (Miss Elizabeth Newton), 1892 ,oil on canvas, overall: 149.9 x 81.3 cm (59 x 32 in.) High Museum of Art, Atlanta, Purchase with funds from the Margaret and Terry Stent Endowment for the Acquisition of American Art and High Museum of Art Enhancement Fund, 2000.162

Accompanying Book



Published with Yale University Press, this 232-page illustrated volume provides the first comprehensive account of Irish-born model Joanna Hiffernan's partnership with American-born artist James McNeill Whistler during a period when he was forging a reputation as one of the most innovative and influential artists of his generation. A series of essays discusses how the relationship between Hiffernan and Whistler overturned artistic conventions, and sheds light on their interactions with contemporaries, including Gustave Courbet, for whom Hiffernan also modeled. This catalog traces their resonance for artists, including Edgar Degas, Gustav Klimt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, and John Singer Sargent, and includes new insights into the creation, marketing, and cultural context of Whistler's iconic works.

This book is edited and written by Margaret F. MacDonald, professor emerita and honorary professorial research fellow at the School of Culture and Creative Arts, University of Glasgow, with contributions from Charles Brock, associate curator of American and British paintings at the National Gallery of Art, Washington; Patricia de Montfort, lecturer in the history of art and at the School of Culture and Creative Arts and research curator for Whistler studies at the Hunterian, University of Glasgow; Ann Dumas, curator at the Royal Academy of Arts, London, and consultant curator of European art, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; Joanna Dunn, painting conservator at the National Gallery of Art, Washington; Grischka Petri, honorary research fellow at the University of Glasgow; Aileen Ribeiro, professor emerita at the Courtauld Institute of Art, London; and Joyce H. Townsend, senior conservation scientist at Tate, London, and honorary professorial research fellow in the School of Culture and Creative Arts, University of Glasgow.

Golden Boy Gustav Klimt. Inspired by Van Gogh, Rodin, Matisse...

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 Van Gogh Museum

7 October 2022 till 8 January 2023

1 PB KLIMT Judith.jpg
Gustav Klimt: Judith, 1901, Öl und Blattgold auf Leinwand, 84 × 42 cm, Belvedere, Vienna. Photo: Belvedere, Vienna, Johannes Stoll


Gustav Klimt is known throughout the world for his paintings featuring gold and decorative ornaments, his universal symbolism and his pictures of strong women. But where did he find inspiration?

The exhibition Golden Boy Gustav Klimt. Inspired by Van Gogh, Rodin, Matisse… offers visitors a remarkable opportunity to view Klimt’s art alongside work by the numerous artists who inspired him.

Klimt’s oeuvre is rarely offered on loan, but this autumn, masterpieces from all over the world will be travelling to Amsterdam. This is the largest retrospective of Klimt’s work ever to be organized in the Netherlands. Works including Emilie Flöge (1902) and Water Serpents II (1904) will be on public display for the first time in the exhibition, which is a collaboration with the Belvedere in Vienna.

Gustav Klimt (1826-1918) was one of the foremost artists in imperial fin-de-siècle Vienna, and his name still resonates today. Klimt was both celebrated and controversial, and remains one of the most fascinating artists of modern art history.

Based on new research, Golden Boy Gustav Klimt presents internationally famous works by Klimt alongside the work of other renowned artists including Vincent van Gogh, Whistler, Sargent, Toorop, Monet, Rodin, Toulouse-Lautrec and Matisse. The exhibition shows how Klimt drew inspiration from this art, before making equally captivating art in a style completely his own.

Turbulent times

Golden Boy Gustav Klimt transports visitors to the turbulent times in which Klimt lived and charts his impressive career. The stories behind the paintings and the people figuring in them also play a role: who were they, why did Klimt paint them, and what was the relationship between the painter and his model?

The focus of the exhibition is on Klimt’s enormous stylistic development: from a classical portrait of pianist Pembaur from his early years (1890) to Adele Bloch-Bauer II (1912) and Eugenia Primavesi (1913), two explosions of colour inspired by Van Gogh and Matisse.

Iconic Klimt paintings

The exhibition features iconic works including Judith (1901), which brings the Biblical Judith into Klimt’s time, sensual and bathing in gold. The daring The Bride – which was left unfinished on the easel when Klimt died in 1918 – is also on display, as is the famous portrait of Klimt’s beloved muse Emilie Flöge.

A spectacular inclusion is the painting Water Serpents II, on public display for the first time since the 1960s.

Golden Boy Gustav Klimt. Inspired by Van Gogh, Rodin, Matisse… is on display at the Van Gogh Museum from 7 October 2022 to 8 January 2023.


Gustav Klimt, Waterslangen II, 1904, bewerkt 1906-1907, privécollectie, courtesy of HomeArt, Hongkong

Gustav Klimt, Water Serpents II, 1904, reworked 1906-1907, oil on canvas, 80 × 145 cm, private collection, courtesy of HomeArt


Andrew Wyeth: Life and Death

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Colby College Museum of Art

 through October 16, 2022

John Olson's Funeral, 1945. Watercolor on paper. © 2021 Andrew Wyeth/Artists Rights Society (ARS). New Britain Museum of American Art, Charles F. Smith Fund, 1945.26

Life and Death shows the artist engaging with his own mortality

A new exhibition in Waterville, Maine, at the Colby College Museum of Art, Andrew Wyeth: Life and Death, offers the first public presentation of a recently rediscovered series of drawings in which the artist Andrew Wyeth (1917-2009) imagined his own funeral.

Created in the early 1990s, the drawings, now known collectively as the Funeral Group, depict Wyeth’s friends, neighbors, and wife, Betsy, surrounding a coffin at the base of Kuerner’s Hill in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, a site the artist long associated with death. Some of the drawings offer a view inside the coffin, revealing a rare self-portrait.

Kuerner's Hill 16 (Funeral Group), ca. 1991–94. Pencil on paper. © 2021 Andrew Wyeth/Artists Rights Society (ARS) Collection of the Wyeth Foundation for American Art

“Conceived before the current moment, this exhibition offers viewers a powerful resource for sense-making during a time that continues to test our resilience and ask each of us to recognize human interdependence and vulnerability,” said Jacqueline Terrassa, Carolyn Muzzy director of the Colby Museum.

The drawings in the exhibition represent a selection of the approximately fifty works that have been identified as part of the Funeral Group. In 2018, Wyeth’s son, artist Jamie Wyeth, received just over twenty drawings, which had been preserved privately in the home of his father’s friends George and Helen Sipala in Chadds Ford. Since 2020, additional funeral scene sketches have been located in the collection of the Wyeth Foundation for American Art.

Andrew Wyeth: Life and Death connects these sketches to Wyeth’s decades-long engagement with death as an artistic subject and places him in rare conversation with artists who also used self-portraiture to confront their mortality.

“Because the work of Andrew Wyeth has long been regarded as intensely personal and mysterious, it has often been situated outside the story of American art since the 1960s,” said Tanya Sheehan, William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of Art at Colby College and the exhibition curator.

“This exhibition shows that Wyeth was engaged in existential questions that have long preoccupied conceptual, performance and activist artists.”

Wyeth’s contemporaries, Andy Warhol, George Tooker, and Duane Michals, as well as later generation artists David Wojnarowicz, Janaina Tschäpe and Mario Moore, are featured in the exhibition. Several of their works foreground the harsh reality that death is always closer to some Americans than to others, by virtue of their economic status, sexuality, and racial or ethnic identities.

Andrew Wyeth: Life and Death is on view through October 16, 2022. Support for the exhibition is provided by the Wyeth Foundation for American Art.

Catalogue








This volume presents for the first time a recently rediscovered series of pencil drawings from the early 1990s, through which Wyeth imagined his own funeral. Chapters by leading art historians explore the significance of picturing one’s own death in both the context of Wyeth’s late career and contemporary American art. The book connects the funeral series to Wyeth’s decades-long engagement with death as an artistic subject in painting, his relationships with the models depicted, and his use of drawing as an expressive and exploratory medium. It further inserts Wyeth’s work into a larger conversation about mortality and self-portraiture that developed in American art since the 1960s, and includes works by Duane Michals, Andy Warhol, David Wojnarowicz, George Tooker, Janaina Tschäpe and Mario Moore. While his contemporaries posed a variety of existential questions in picturing their own passing, those that interrogate the universality of death as a human experience have become especially urgent in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic and the national reckoning with racial inequality that emerged in 2020. Andrew Wyeth: Life and Death thus addresses ideas about loss, grief, vulnerability and (im)mortality that pervade the current moment.
American painter 
Andrew Wyeth (1917–2009) lived his entire life in his birthplace of Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, and his summer home in mid-coast Maine. His seven-decade career was spent painting the land and people that he knew and cared about. Renowned for his tempera painting Christina's World (1948), Wyeth navigated between artistic representation and abstraction in a highly personal way.

100 Great British Drawings

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The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Garden

June 18 through Sept. 5, 2022

Samuel Palmer (1805–1881), Lonely Tower, ca. 1881. Opaque watercolor over traces of graphite on board, 7 x 9 5/8 in. Gilbert Davis Collection, The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens.

“100 Great British Drawings,” a major exhibition at The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens, will trace the practice of drawing in Britain from the 17th through the mid-20th century, spotlighting The Huntington’s important collection of more than 12,000 works that represent the great masters of the medium. On view June 18 through Sept. 5, 2022, in the MaryLou and George Boone Gallery, the exhibition will feature rarely seen treasures, including works by William Blake, John Constable, Thomas Gainsborough, and J. M. W. Turner, as well as examples by artists associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and early 20th-century modernism. A fully illustrated catalog accompanies the exhibition, examining for the first time the strength and diversity of The Huntington’s British drawings collection, a significant portion of which has never been published before. The Huntington is the sole venue for the exhibition.

Gwen John (1876–1939), Two Hatted Women in Church, 1920s. Matte water-based transparent paint on wove paper, 8 3/4 x 6 7/8 in. The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens.

“The Huntington is renowned for its incomparable collection of British art, ranging from 15th-century silver to the graphic art of Henry Moore, with the most famous works being, of course, our grand manner paintings,” said Christina Nielsen, Hannah and Russel Kully Director of the Art Museum at The Huntington. “Thomas Gainsborough’s Blue Boy and Thomas Lawrence’s Pinkie often serve as the poster boy and poster girl for the whole institution. But what most visitors do not realize is that The Huntington is also home to an extensive and remarkable collection of British drawings. This exhibition and catalog, the first to show the range of our British works on paper on such a scale, seek to fill that knowledge gap.”

Most of The Huntington’s British drawings collection, with a few notable exceptions, was established after the time of the institution’s founders, Henry and Arabella Huntington. Henry was an avid collector of rare books and manuscripts, and his wife, Arabella, was the force behind their collection of paintings and decorative art, but drawings did not factor largely into their art purchases. It was Robert R. Wark, curator of the art collections from 1956 to 1990, whose vision and tenacity established The Huntington as an outstanding repository of drawings made in Britain, where the art form was especially well developed, particularly in the late 18th to mid-19th century.

“Drawing is the most spontaneous and intimate of art forms, revealing the thoughts and mood of the artist through the stroke of a pen or touch of a brush dipped in watercolor,” said Melinda McCurdy, curator of British art, curator of the exhibition, and author of the catalog. “It is a practice especially associated with British artists, whose serious engagement with the medium is on vibrant display in the works we highlight in this exhibition.”

Chronologically Exploring a Range of Styles
Organized chronologically, “100 Great British Drawings” will explore portraiture, historical subjects, landscape, still life, botanical illustration, and caricature. The works on view will represent a full range of styles, including quick pencil sketches that candidly reveal artists’ creative processes, fluid pen-and-ink studies that approach the quality of finished works, and highly refined watercolor paintings.

William Blake (1757–1827), Hecate or The Night of Enitharmon’s Joy, 1795. Planographic color print with pen and ink and watercolor on wove paper, 16 3/8 x 22 in. The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens.

The art of drawing first flourished in Britain in the late 17th century with an influx of artists coming from continental Europe, where the practice was commonly a part of artistic training. British artists also traveled abroad to view and copy the works of Europe’s old masters and contemporary artists. While portraiture was the most popular British art form at the time (as polished works by John Greenhill and Edmund Ashfield demonstrate in the exhibition), British artists eventually embraced a wide range of subjects, from landscape painting to history painting, a genre that appealed to such 18th-century titans as Thomas Gainsborough and George Romney.

Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775–1851), Beaumaris Castle, Anglesey, ca. 1825–36. Watercolor and opaque watercolor over traces of graphite with scraping out on wove paper, 11 1/2 x 16 3/4 in. The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens.

Romney was unique among his peers in that he saw drawing as an end in and of itself, rather than merely a tool in preparation for oil painting. His Cimon and Iphigenia (early 1780s) was inspired by a tale from Boccaccio’s Decameron, and it captures the moment at which shepherd Cimon first spies his love, Iphigenia, asleep with two other women. Romney chose to depict Iphigenia in a sensual embrace with one of the women, using sweeping strokes of ink to imbue the scene with energy and passion. Cimon is barely present—cut off on the left of the frame—adding a suggestion of erotic voyeurism to Romney’s interpretation.

Matilda Conyers (ca. 1698–1793), Wallflower and Tulip, 1767. Watercolor and opaque watercolor over traces of graphite with brown ink (est. iron gall) inscriptions on vellum, 9 x 6 1/4 in. The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens.

Even William Blake, famous for his unique imagination, betrays his European influences in Hecate or The Night of Enitharmon’s Joy (1795). Made by using a complex mix of printing techniques, drawing, and watercolor, Hecate depicts the witchlike mythological figure with musculature that recalls Michelangelo’s female forms, which were sketched from male nudes. By applying Michelangelo’s approach, Blake gives Hecate a powerful physique that suggests an unnatural, occult strength. The large-scale work is drawn from The Huntington’s William Blake collection, which was established by Henry Huntington himself and easily ranks among the most important Blake collections in the world.

Most of the works in The Huntington’s British drawings collection are from the 18th and 19th centuries, when drawings and watercolors became popular commodities. Watercolors, though less forgiving than oil, allow artists to create luminous effects and are well suited to capturing the misty English climate. J. M. W. Turner was a master of these atmospheric effects. His Beaumaris Castle, Anglesey (ca. 1825–36) uses layered washes of color to create a soft fog that obscures people, horses, buildings, and ships, blending the line between sea and land. In its exploration of artistic techniques, the exhibition will look at the pigments and paper that artists used. Turner, for example, required a strong paper that could withstand his method, described by an eyewitness as first saturating the paper with wet paint. Then, “he tore ... scratched ... scrabbled at it in a kind of frenzy” until the image emerged as if by “magic ... with all its exquisite minutia.”

By the mid-19th century, transparent watercolor technique gave way to an interest in opaque pigments or gouache, in keeping with a Victorian-era taste for sharp-focus realism. Many of the Victorian works in the exhibition were created as illustrations to poems or stories, including Samuel Palmer’s watercolor and gouache Lonely Tower (ca. 1881), which was inspired by John Milton’s Il Penseroso, and popular children’s book illustrator Kate Greenaway’s watercolor and graphite Now All of You Come Listen (ca. 1879). Some works from this period—such as those by artist Edward Burne-Jones, who was associated with the Pre-Raphaelites and collaborated with designer William Morris—demonstrate a turn away from realism toward pure “art for art’s sake,” a notion affiliated with the Aesthetic movement.

John Roddam Spencer Stanhope (1829–1908), Millpond, ca. 1870. Watercolor and opaque watercolor on wove paper, 16 3/4 x 24 5/8 in. The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens.

Drawings from the first half of the 20th century reveal the extraordinarily wide array of artistic styles that were emerging at the time. Many of The Huntington’s works from the period are by artists from the Slade School of Fine Art in London, where students studied abstraction, French Impressionism, Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism. A highlight of this group is Gwen John’s Two Hatted Women in Church (1920s), a work in water-based transparent paint that she made when living in France. John attended church there regularly, where she would draw the congregation, focusing less on the individuals and more on the shapes she saw in their clothing, their varying postures, and the chairs they sat on. John asserts her modernism in the painting, said McCurdy, as she “wittily juxtaposes two differently shaped hats, abbreviating such descriptive details as facial features and composing the image with bold black outlines and broad washes of muted tones.” The exhibition includes several other arresting 20th-century works on paper in various styles by such artists as David Bomberg, Paul Nash, and John Piper.

John Brett (1831–1902), The Open Sea, 1865. Watercolor with opaque watercolor and scraping out on wove paper, 9 x 12 3/4 in. The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens.

The 20th-century works combine with the others in “100 Great British Drawings” to create a display that reveals the infinitely diverse aspects of “mark making,” said Ann Bermingham, professor emeritus of the history of art and architecture at the University of California, Santa Barbara, in her essay for the exhibition catalog. She concludes, “If The Huntington drawings speak to us over the distances of time and space, it is because they still hold in their linear grasp the thrill and promise of endless creativity.”

Related Catalog

To complement the exhibition, The Huntington published with Lund Humphries Excursions of Imagination: 100 Great British Drawings from The Huntington’s Collection. The 256-page, fully illustrated exhibition catalog is by Melinda McCurdy, curator of British art at The Huntington; with Ann Bermingham, professor emeritus of the history of art and architecture at the University of California, Santa Barbara; and Christina Nielsen, Hannah and Russel Kully Director of the Art Museum at The Huntington. The book features an introduction by McCurdy discussing the formation of The Huntington’s British drawings collection and an essay by Bermingham that places The Huntington’s collection within the context of the historical practice of drawing in Britain.

Golden Boy Gustav Klimt. Inspired by Van Gogh, Rodin, Matisse…

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Gustav Klimt is known throughout the world for his paintings featuring gold and decorative ornaments, his universal symbolism and his pictures of strong women. But where did he find inspiration?

The exhibition Golden Boy Gustav Klimt. Inspired by Van Gogh, Rodin, Matisse… offers visitors a remarkable opportunity to view Klimt’s art alongside work by the numerous artists who inspired him.

Klimt’s oeuvre is rarely offered on loan, but this autumn, masterpieces from all over the world will be travelling to Amsterdam. This is the largest retrospective of Klimt’s work ever to be organized in the Netherlands. Works including 

Emilie Flöge (1902) and Water Serpents II (1904) will be on public display for the first time in the exhibition, which is a collaboration with the Belvedere in Vienna.

Gustav Klimt (1826-1918) was one of the foremost artists in imperial fin-de-siècle Vienna, and his name still resonates today. Klimt was both celebrated and controversial, and remains one of the most fascinating artists of modern art history.

Based on new research, Golden Boy Gustav Klimt presents internationally famous works by Klimt alongside the work of other renowned artists including Vincent van Gogh, Whistler, Sargent, Toorop, Monet, Rodin, Toulouse-Lautrec and Matisse. The exhibition shows how Klimt drew inspiration from this art, before making equally captivating art in a style completely his own.

Golden Boy Gustav Klimt transports visitors to the turbulent times in which Klimt lived and charts his impressive career. The stories behind the paintings and the people figuring in them also play a role: who were they, why did Klimt paint them, and what was the relationship between the painter and his model?

The focus of the exhibition is on Klimt’s enormous stylistic development: from a classical portrait of pianist Pembaur from his early years (1890) to Adele Bloch-Bauer II (1912) and Eugenia Primavesi (1913), two explosions of colour inspired by Van Gogh and Matisse.

Iconic Klimt paintings

The exhibition features iconic works including Judith (1901), which brings the Biblical Judith into Klimt’s time, sensual and bathing in gold. The daring The Bride – which was left unfinished on the easel when Klimt died in 1918 – is also on display, as is the famous portrait of Klimt’s beloved muse Emilie Flöge.

A spectacular inclusion is the painting Water Serpents II, on public display for the first time since the 1960s.

Golden Boy Gustav Klimt. Inspired by Van Gogh, Rodin, Matisse… is on display at the Van Gogh Museum from 7 October 2022 to 8 January 2023.

Gustav Klimt, Waterslangen II, 1904, bewerkt 1906-1907, privécollectie, courtesy of HomeArt, Hongkong

Gustav Klimt, Water Serpents II, 1904, reworked 1906-1907, oil on canvas, 80 × 145 cm, private collection, courtesy of HomeArt

Serra/Seurat. Drawings

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Museo Guggenheim Bilbao

June 9 – September 6, 2022 


Read the report: "Guggenheim Bilbao: what is the relationship between contemporary American sculptor Richard Serra and neo-impressionist French painter Georges Seurat?"https://judithbenhamouhuet.com/guggen...

Curators: Lucía Agirre, curator, Museo Guggenheim Bilbao, and Judith Benhamou, independent curator and art writer - Especially important in Seurat’s drawings is the handmade paper he uses, which he ‘brings to life’ by allowing it to absorb exactly the right amount of crayon to create the lights, volumes, and contrasts that make him one of the masters of drawing. - Richard Serra also revels in his materials, such as the handmade Japanese paper that he employs in his Ramble drawings. Owing to its manufacturing process, the fibers create different ‘accidents’ so that no drawing is the same as any other. - Seurat was an artist for artists, as draftsman was and is admired by many of them, such Van Gogh, Signac, Picasso, Moore and even now Jasper Johns and Richard Serra. His drawings are now fetishized by these creators and the followers of their cults all around the world, the collectors. The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao presents Serra/Seurat. Drawings, the exhibition that brings together a selection of 22 drawings by the late 19th-century master Georges Seurat, which in turn engage in dialogue with the drawings of Richard Serra, a great admirer of Seurat’s and without a doubt one of the most outstanding artists of the present day. Despite the years that separate them, both artists are notable for working with drawing as an end in itself and taking it to new levels, imbuing it with innovative characteristics and extrapolating it to other areas of their work. The drawings of Georges Seurat were highly valued by artists of his time like Maximilien Luce, Vincent van Gogh, and Paul Signac, who described them in 1899 as “the most beautiful painter’s drawings in existence,” and they have continued to win appreciation from later artists like Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Henry Moore, Bridget Riley, and Richard Serra himself. Seurat was able with very simple means to make appear shapes from the conte crayon darkness placed on the white paper. This is what Serra calls the weight of shapes. “The weight of the drawing derives not only from the number of layers of paintstick but mainly from the particular shape of the drawing. It is obvious – from Mantegna’s Christ to Cézanne’s apples – that shapes can imply weight, mass and volume”. Especially important in Seurat’s drawings is the paper support he uses. He usually chooses a handmade French paper, Michallet, which is characterized by its irregularities, its heavy texture, and its undulations or crests, almost imperceptible to the naked eye but not to the crayon sliding over its surface. Besides the technical dexterity of the execution, it might be said that Seurat ‘feels’ the paper and brings it to life, allowing it to absorb exactly the right amount of crayon to create the lights, volumes, and contrasts that make him worthy to be considered one of the great masters of drawing. This knowledge of the material which distinguishes the great artists was discovered by Richard Serra while he was studying with Josef Albers. He expressed it in these words: "Once one you understood the basic lesson that procedure was dictated by the material, you also realized that matter imposed its own form on form." Richard Serra thus saw early on that sculpture is not subject only to carving, modeling, and casting, but that the materials have a great influence on the spatial experience they generate. He also gives drawing a transcendent quality, for besides using it as a means to other ends, he turns it into an autonomous language and applies new techniques, formats, and materials. In his Ramble drawings, a series he began in 2015, Serra, like Seurat, revels in his materials, such as the handmade Japanese paper whose manufacturing process makes the fibers create ‘accidents’ so that every sheet is different from the others. This means that no Ramble is the same as any other, both because of the manner in which the artist works on the paper and because of the way the paper reacts. In the Ramble drawings, Serra uses two different methods of applying the litho crayon. The first is transfer, and the second direct marking on the sheet. In the first case, the amount of pressure determines a greater or lesser degree of transfer, and so what looks in some works like a light mist becomes a dark blur in others. Direct application meanwhile allows greater control over the amount of grease used on the paper, leading to a wide variety of results with a wealth of fascinating nuances. Serra creates these works on a moderate scale, but still endows them with a certain monumentality by arranging 33 of the smallest Ramble drawings in a grid formed by three rows of eleven. With this configuration, the artist shares his creative process with the viewer, who is enabled to perceive the effects created by each impression on the unique sheets of paper. An Essential Activity As Serra himself explained in 1977: “Drawing is a concentration on an essential activity, and the credibility of the statement is totally within your hands. It’s the most direct, conscious space in which I work. I can observe my process from beginning to end, and at times sustain a continuous concentration. It’s replenishing. It’s one of the few conditions in which I can understand the source of my work.” For Seurat too, drawing is an essential activity, a fact demonstrated by the late date at which he started to paint and the small number of his paintings by contrast with the hundreds of drawings he produced. His contemporary Paul Signac recognized and extolled his importance: “Seurat's studies resulted in his wellconsidered and fertile theory of contrasts: a theory to which all his work was thereafter subjected. He applied it first to chiaroscuro: with the simplest of resources, the white of a sheet of Ingres paper and the black of a conté crayon, skillfully graded or contrasted, he executed some four hundred drawings, the most beautiful painters' drawings in existence. Thanks to their perfect science of values, we can say that these blacks and whites are more colorful and brighter than many paintings.” Seurat’s drawing and painting may appear to be two separate worlds, but his profound knowledge of color, which is fragmented when applied to his canvases, is reflected earlier in his black and white drawings. As color is an effect of the light, an extensive knowledge of chromatic gradations and combinations allows him to illuminate the maximum darkness of black in the absence of color. These words spoken by Serra in 2000 also stem from such a notion of black: “It’s definitely a color. [...] As soon as you think of Seurat’s drawings you think of black as a color.” Georges Seurat is a master at illuminating both darkness and brightness, an even more complicated task as this effect is harder to achieve when there is less contrast. His almost pointillist use of the grain of the paper allows him on occasions to work with ‘negative drawing’. Constant Evolution In this exhibition, viewers can appreciate the evolution of Seurat’s drawings after his training at the Lehmann school, which he subsequently left, abandoning the ‘traditional’ path with it. He also left behind him the drawings he made during his military service, some with colored pencils, in his famous Brest sketchbooks, which marked the artist’s development toward a definitive break with academicism and the beginning of his mature language. The small drawings Seated Couple (Couple Assis, ca. 1881) and In Shirt Sleeves (En bras de chemise, ca. 1881), probably also from a sketchbook, show his attempts to break away from traditional delineation by means of diagonal hatching framed by short broken lines. In Two-horse hitch (Attelage à deux chevaux, 1882–83), he uses a tangle of brief movements to sketch out the main form of the two horses and the driver, occupying the whole sheet with similar strokes—but with crayon of less density—to create a continuum nuanced only by a change of direction in the execution and the concentration of material. Somewhat similar is The Lamp (La Lampe, 1882–83), though the result is accentuated by making the neck and chin of the female figure disappear into the deep darkness of the crayon, allowing the lamp to frame her face and acquire presence even though hardly any light is projected on the rest of the scene. Seurat’s drawing evolved vertiginously during his mature phase, as demonstrated not only by the Impressionist modernity of the black and white landscapes of this period, such as The Edge of the Forest [Le Mur du chemin (La Forêt), ca. 1883] or Tree Trunks Reflected in Water (Homage to Stéphane Mallarmé) [Troncs d’arbres se reflétant dans l’eau (Hommage à Stéphane Mallarmé), 1883–84], but also by his figures, reclining, seated, or walking down a moonlit path, like those of Night Stroll (Promenoir, ca. 1882). Seurat continued experimenting and working on paper until the end of his brief career, as is clearly seen in his painting and palpable in works on display in the exhibition like Study for A Summer Sunday on the Grande Jatte island: skirt detail (Étude pour Un Dimanche d’été sur l’île de la Grande Jatte: detail de jupe, 1984-85) and An Evening, Gravelines (Un Soir, Gravelines, 1890). Seurat sketched this landscape rapidly, but without wasting the opportunity to create chiaroscuros and occupy the whole surface of the paper. The show ends with the beautiful scene of The White Sail (Le voile blanche, 1890), one of his last drawings, where the light emanates from a small sail that dominates the composition, filled by the artist with details as he uses every inch of the sheet. This connects with Richard Serra’s Ramble drawings in a stimulating dialogue. DIDAKTIKA As part of the Didaktika project, the Museum designs educational areas, online content, and programs to complement the exhibitions, offering viewers tools and resources to increase their appreciation of the works on display. The Didaktika Serra-Seurat. Drawings focuses on the mediums and materials used by artists Richard Serra and Georges Seurat, as for both, the choice of paper—texture and size—, the drawing tools, even the exclusive use of black, are essential. Thus, in this space, visitors will find samples of different papers, of various textures and thicknesses, ranging from old to contemporary, that they will be able to experience through touch. A selection of fragments from documentaries and interviews screened in two areas will also highlight Seurat’s influence on other contemporary artists and the importance of drawing for him. Exhibition-related Programs Introductory Talk (June 7) Exhibition curators Judith Benhamou and Lucía Agirre will talk about the exhibition, a celebration of drawing through two masters from the History of Art. Shared Reflections* Visits led by Museum professionals from the Departments of Curatorial and Education offering different perspectives of the pieces in the exhibitions. • Curatorial Vision (June 15). Lucía Agirre, Museum and exhibition curator, will guide participants on a tour of the show. • Key Concepts (June 29). Luz Maguregui, Museum Education Coordinator, will discuss the general and didactic keys of the exhibition. *Sponsored by Fundación Vizcaína Aguirre Creative Session: Hand-made Paper (June 30) Master paper-maker and engineer Juan Barbé Arrillaga, will share the craft of making paper in this beginner’s workshop for adults. CATALOGUE The exhibition will be accompanied by an illustrated catalogue featuring the works in the show, as well as three essays contributed by the exhibition curators about Georges Seurat’s and Richard Serra’s consideration of drawing as an artistic end in itself, imbuing it with innovative characteristics and taking it to new levels. Cover images: Georges Seurat Tree Trunks Reflected in Water (Homage to Stéphane Mallarmé) [Troncs d’arbres reflétés dans l’eau (Hommage à Stéphane Mallarmé)], 1883–84 Conté crayon on paper 22 x 32 cm. Permanent loan to Hahnloser/Jaeggli Foundation, Villa Flora, Winterthur

Christie’s 20th / 21st Century: London / Paris Evening Sales on 28 June

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Claude Monet’s Waterloo Bridge, effet de brume will be a highlight of Christie’s 20/21 London to Paris sale series, offered in the 20th / 21st Century: London Evening Sale on 28 June. Depicting the Thames under an effervescent sunlit haze, 



Waterloo Bridge, effet de brume (1904, estimate: in the region of £24 million) comes from Monet’s monumental, landmark series entitled Vues du Londres (Views of London), which celebrates London’s unique character, architecture and ever-changing atmosphereThe artist focused on the play of light across the Thames through three principal subjects – Charing Cross Bridge, the Houses of Parliament, and Waterloo Bridge. In contrast to the bustling modernity of the Charing Cross paintings and the solemn grandeur of the Houses of Parliament compositions, Monet’s views of Waterloo Bridge stand as pure meditations on colour, light, and atmosphere, evocatively capturing the shifting character of the famous bridge under varying weather conditions at different times of the day.

The sale of Waterloo Bridge, effet de brume follows the exceptional price achieved for 



Le Parlement, soleil couchant, from The Collection of Anne H. Bass, which sold for $75.9 million on 12 May 2022, setting a record for a painting from Monet’s Vues du Londres. Of the 41 paintings of Waterloo Bridge which Monet painted, 26 are in public institutions, including The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo; Bührle Foundation, Zürich; Art Institute of Chicago; National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. and Kunstmuseum Bern. Waterloo Bridge, effet de brume comes to auction following a long-term loan to the Kunstmuseum Basel.

In Waterloo Bridge, effet de brume, Monet records an early morning view, choosing the moments in which the bright light of the rising sun breaks through the layers of haze and mist, sending rippling golden rays of sunshine into the sky, and across the surface of the water. The painting stands as a testament to Britain's significant impact on international artists, highlighting the cultural dialogue between London and Paris in the art historical canon. Depicting the bridge head-on, its rhythmic arches spanning the entire width of the canvas, Monet allows the structure to become the primary focus of the composition, giving it a solid sense of monumentality amidst the otherwise intangible elements of the scene.

The Waterloo Bridge views
Monet captured his views of Waterloo Bridge in a remarkably varied number of ways*, exploring the scene through a subtly shifting range of colours, from luminous blues to delicately-hued violets and soft greens, tracing the effects of the notoriously capricious weather conditions. For an artist whose life had been spent in the pursuit of capturing the transitory effects of weather on the landscape in painterly form, these unpredictable, often fast-moving meteorological effects by turn beguiled, thrilled, infuriated and disheartened him. Rendered in an array of deftly applied strokes and flecks of pigment, in Waterloo Bridge, effet de brume, Monet eloquently conjures the effect of the constantly changing atmosphere on the scene, heightening the feeling of the softly enveloping haze of the title through an intricate play of opacity and translucency.

An illustrious and impeccable provenance
Waterloo Bridge, effet de brume was purchased in 1905 by Paul Durand-Ruel, who had staged the highly successful inaugural exhibition of the series at his gallery in May 1904, and sold almost immediately to Mrs. A. Stern, with whom it remained until 1919. The painting subsequently passed through several important collections, including those of Adolph Lewisohn and the D.P. Allen Memorial Art Museum, at Oberlin College in Ohio, before being acquired by Arde Bulova, Chairman of the renowned Bulova Watch Company in 1951.

Originally founded by Joseph Bulova in New York in 1875, the Bulova Watch Company rapidly expanded during the early 20th century, quickly becoming America’s largest watch company.  This growth was fuelled by innovative designs and creative marketing that included America’s very first radio and TV commercials as well as collaborations with celebrated aviator Charles Lindbergh and NASA. In addition to being a successful entrepreneur, Arde Bulova was a dedicated philanthropist who was at the forefront of championing equal access for people with disabilities.  He founded The Joseph Bulova School of Watchmaking that provided tuition-free education to disabled WWII veterans as a means of rehabilitation, combined with master watchmaking skills and dedicated job placement.

Waterloo Bridge, effet de brume was passed down through the Bulova family to Arde’s nephew Paul Bulova Guilden, a New York entrepreneur, philanthropist, and dedicated supporter of the arts throughout his life, who held the role of Chairman at the legendary John B. Stetson Company for three decades.

Taking place on 28 June 2022, three auctions focus on the influential artistic synergies that exist between London and Paris. 20/21 London to Paris is comprised of the 20th / 21st Century: Marc Chagall, Colour of Life20th / 21st Century: London Evening Sale, and the 20th / 21st Century: Paris Evening Sale

Katharine Arnold, Head of Post-War and Contemporary Art, Europe and Keith Gill, Head of Impressionist and Modern Art, London: The cultural dialogue that exists between London and Paris has been a creative driving force over the course of the last two centuries. Christie’s is therefore honoured to present a selection of artworks that embody this with works formerly in Marc Chagall’s estate, Yves Klein’s pioneering Anthropométrie de l’epoque bleue, (ANT 124), Monet’s representation of London’s Waterloo Bridge, effet de brume and his painting Nymphéas, temps gris – a work that arguably anticipated abstraction. Jeff Koons’ iconic Balloon Monkey sculpture will form a significant charitable donation and highlights the urgent need to support those affected by the ongoing war against Ukraine. These works are the backdrop against which contemporary painters and sculptors, ranging from Rachel Jones to Simone Leigh, are presented. We look forward to celebrating London and Paris with our collectors, both in person in our salerooms and via livestream globally."

YVES KLEIN’S ANTHROMPOMÉTRIE DE L’EPOQUE BLEUE, (ANT 124)
Offered at auction for the first time, Yves Klein’s Anthropométrie de l’epoque bleue, (ANT 124)’s combination of eight solid blue imprints against a shimmering, dappled azure backdrop, which anticipates the Cosmogonies series, occupies a unique position within the artist’s oeuvre (1960, estimate on request, illustrated page one, top). Representing the culmination of performance art and action painting, the work stands as a historic record of one of the twentieth century’s most daring and unique artistic projects: to seal in paint the passage from the material to the immaterial realms, using ‘living brushes’.

CLAUDE MONET’S NYMPHÉAS, TEMPS GRIS AND WATERLOO BRIDGE, EFFET DE BRUME
Following the outstanding prices achieved by Christie’s in New York in May for two works from Monet’s highly influential Vues de Londres and Nymphéas series from the Collection of Anne H. Bass, two further works from these iconic series will now be offered in 20/21 London to Paris. Claude Monet’s depictions of the horticultural paradise that he designed and cultivated in Giverny stand among the greatest works of his career. Nymphéas, temps gris (estimate: £20,000,000-30,000,000, illustrated page one, lower left) is one of a rare series of Nymphéas that Monet painted in 1907 in a vertical format to capture the spectacular effects of late afternoon light upon his water lily pond. Others from the series grace museum collections including the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston and the Artizon Museum, Tokyo.

In Waterloo Bridge, effet de brume (1904, estimate: £22,000,000-32,000,000, illustrated page one, lower right), Monet records an early morning view of the London landmark, choosing the moments in which the bright light of the rising sun breaks through the layers of haze and mist, sending rippling golden rays of sunshine into the sky, and across the surface of the water. Monet painted 40 views of Waterloo Bridge at different times of the day and with different atmospheric effects. Their importance has led to 26 of these views residing in museum collections including The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo; Bührle Foundation, Zürich; Art Institute of Chicago; National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. and Kunstmuseum Bern. The painting was acquired in 1951 by the entrepreneur and philanthropist Arde Bulova and has remained in his family ever since. This London view by the leading Impressionist artist stands as a testament to Britain’s significant impact on international artists, highlighting the cultural dialogue between London and Paris in the art historical canon. 

JEFF KOONS BALLOON MONKEY (MAGENTA) – CHARITABLE COLLABORATION
Representing childhood innocence and joy for both children and adults alike, Balloon Monkey (Magenta) (2006-13, estimate: £6,000,000-10,000,000, illustrated page two) stands as a monumental symbol of hope and solidarity with those men, women and children living in war-torn Ukraine who have suffered terrible loss. A significant highlight of Christie’s 20th / 21st Century: London Evening Sale, Jeff Koons’ Balloon Monkey (Magenta) demonstrates the power of art to unify and rally support for the defence of freedom and life in urgent times. Balloon Monkey (Magenta) is the highly sought-after artist’s proof and one of five unique versions (Red, Magenta, Blue, Yellow, Orange). The sculpture is on view in St James’ Square, adjacent to Christie’s Headquarters in London, until 1 July.

SUSTAINABILITY COLLABORATION – ARTISTS FOR CLIENTEARTH
The upcoming sale of Beatriz Milhazes’ Cebola Roxa (2020, estimate: £600,000-800,000, illustrated below, left) for Artists for ClientEarth follows works by Antony Gormley, Cecily Brown, Rashid Johnson and Xie Nanxing, which were auctioned at Christie’s London, New York and Hong Kong throughout 2021 and earlier this year. This collaborative initiative is designed to propel the art world in the fight against climate change and has raised more than £4.9 million, hammer, to date.

MARC CHAGALL, COLOUR OF LIFE: WORKS FORMERLY FROM THE ARTIST’S ESTATE
Marc Chagall, Colour of Life: Works Formerly from the Artist’s Estate will launch Christie’s June 20/21 London to Paris sale series. Originating from the artist’s estate, the 20 works presented in the sale will be offered for the first time, and the auction on 28 June is the first in a series of global sales, offering the artist’s work in dedicated platforms at Christie’s international salerooms as well as online-only auctions. The group is led by Le peintre et les mariés aux trois couleurs (1984, estimate: £1,000,000-1,500,000, illustrated above, right). An online sale of Chagall Prints and Artist’s Books, highlighting the artist’s life-long love of the art of printmaking will run concurrently out of London, open for bidding from 14 June to 1 July.

THE EYE OF A SCULPTOR: WORKS FROM THE DAVID AND LAURA FINN COLLECTION
David Finn was a pioneer in public relations, a celebrated photographer, author, and collector. In 1948, he co-founded the PR firm Ruder Finn, seen to have revolutionised the industry at the time. Finn and his wife, Laura, began collecting in the late 1950s with a focus on sculpture. They acquired work by artists including Henry Moore, Lynn Chadwick, Alexander Calder, Germaine Richier, and Henri Laurens. Examples by each of these artists are presented across the 20th / 21st Century: London Evening Sale and the Impressionist and Modern Art Day and Works on Paper Sale. Finn first bought a sculpture by Henry Moore in 1958 and later that year was introduced to the artist with whom he formed a very close friendship across decades and several collaborative photography projects. The group is led by Alexander Calder’s Red, White, and Blacks (1957, estimate: £1,000,000-2,500,000, illustrated below, centre) and Henry Moore’s Interior Form (1952, estimate: £1,800,000-2,500,000). Related to the artist’s Upright Internal/External Form sculpture, Interior Form exhibits a lyrical sinuosity, its form delineated using smooth, fluid lines, that curve and flow with an amorphous quality.

THE VENICE BIENNALE
Steeped in questions of racial and cultural identity, Untitled V (Anatomy of Architecture Series) (2016, estimate: £300,000-500,000, illustrated below, left) is a powerful sculpture from Simone Leigh’s celebrated Anatomy of Architecture series. Leigh draws upon her Jamaican heritage to explore the subjective experience of Black women. At the 59th International Art Exhibition, La Biennale di Venezia, Simone Leigh, who represented America, won the Golden Lion for the best participation in the central exhibition. She was honoured alongside Sonia Boyce, representing the UK, who won the Golden Lion for best national participation. Christie’s partnered with the British Council as a Silver Sponsor of the British Pavilion, proudly supporting Sonia Boyce’s award-winning installation.

CONTEMPORARY ARTISTS
Caroline Walker’s Preening (2018, estimate: £100,000-150,000, illustrated above, centre) depicts the gleaming interior of a beauty store, a lone figure captured off guard within. The work belongs to Walker’s Service series, in which she depicts women in a variety of professional settings. Created in 2019, and included that year in the artist’s graduate exhibition at the Royal Academy of Arts, London, Spliced Structure (estimate: £100,000-150,000, illustrated above, right) exemplifies Rachel Jones’ vividly expressive language of colour, texture and abstract form. Anna Weyant’s Untitled (2020, estimate: £150,000-250,000) is a compelling example of her uncanny, virtuoso figurative paintings. The artist has cited the influence of painters including John Currin and Lisa Yuskavage, while her works also seem to draw upon the compositions of Balthus, and Edward Gorey’s illustrated children’s books.

THE ART OF THE SURREAL
Last seen at auction over 20 years ago, Ferret Race (Stoat Race) (1952, estimate: £800,000-1,200,000, illustrated page five, centre) offers a portal into the intimate and hermetic universe of Leonora Carrington’s haunting imagination. An ingenious fabulist with a hunger for autonomy and authority as an artist, Carrington plumbed the mysteries of her reality to create coded narratives documenting her quest for the self. The protagonist of René Magritte’s Souvenir de voyage (circa 1962-63, estimate: £5,000,000-7,000,000, illustrated below, left) is one of the artist’s most iconic and memorable motifs, the apple. Seen here, it stands alone and petrified on a beach directly under the light of a crescent moon that shines over the sea in the middle of a daylight sky. The semi-clothed female character central to Paul Delvaux’s Femme assise (La lampe) (1945, estimate: £500,000-800,000, illustrated below, right) is caught in a moment of quiet thought that seems at odds with the intense drama imparted by the exaggerated perspective and bold tones of both the room and the view that stretches beyond the open door.

The works will all be exhibited at Christie’s King Street from 22 to 28 June 2022, while Jeff Koons’ Balloon Monkey (Magenta) will be on view in St James’ Square until 1 July 2022.


The June 9 auction of Old Masters | New Perspectives: Masterworks From The Alana Collection at Christie’s New York

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Orazio Gentileschi, The Madonna and Child. Oil on panel, 36 x 28 1⁄4 in. (91.4 x 73 cm.). Estimate: $4,000,000-6,000,000. © Christie's Images Ltd 2022.


Pieter Brueghel The Younger, The Tower of Babel, oil on panel. Estimate: $1,500,000 – 2,500,000. © Christie's Images Ltd 2022.

MASTERWORKS FROM THE ALANA COLLECTION

FRA GIOVANNI DA FIESOLE, CALLED FRA ANGELICO (VICCHIO C. 1395-1455 ROME)

Saint Dominic and the Stigmatization of Saint Francis

tempera and gold on panel

 Price realized: $4,740,000

The June 9 auction of Old Masters | New Perspectives: Masterworks From The Alana Collection  at Christie’s New York achieved a total of $19,404,600. The sale was led by Fra Angelico’s Saint Dominic and the Stigmatization of Saint Francis, a picture that was included in a 2019 exhibition dedicated to Fra Angelico at the Prado in Madrid and that has a companion wing in the Detroit Museum of Arts. It achieved $4,740,000. Other highlights of the sale included, The Madonna and Child painted from life by Orazio Gentileschi, which sold for $4,440,000; Portrait of a young man by El Greco, which achieved $3,660,000; The Crucifixion with the Madonna and Saint John the Evangelist by an Associate of Ambrogio Lorenzetti, which brought $945,000; and  The Martyrdom of Saint Apollonia by Guido Reni, which fetched $819,000.


Latest Art History News

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The June 9 auction of Old Masters | New Perspectives: Masterworks From The Alana Collection at Christie’s New York

Orazio Gentileschi, The Madonna and Child. Oil on panel, 36 x 28 1⁄4 in. (91.4 x 73 cm.). Estimate: $4,000,000-6,000,000. © Christie's Images Ltd 2022. Pieter Brueghel The Younger, The Tower of Babel, oil on panel. Estimate: $1,500,000 – 2,500,000. © Christie's Images Ltd 2022. MASTERWORKS FROM THE ALANA COLLECTION FRA GIOVANNI DA FIESOLE, CALLED FRA ANGELICO (VICCHIO C. 1395-1455 ROME) Saint Dominic and the Stigmatization of Saint Francis tempera and gold on panel Price realized: $4,740,000 The June 9 auction of Old Masters | New Perspectives: Masterworks From The Alana C... read more

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Art History News2 weeks ago
The Chrysler Museum of Art in Norfolk, VA., has been gifted 40 works of art from the Macon and Joan Brock Collection of American art

John Singer Sargent (American, 1856 – 1925) Olives at Corfu, 1909. Oil on canvas. Promised Gift of the Macon and Joan Brock Collection to the Chrysler Museum of Art Winslow Homer (American, 1836 – 1910) Portrait of Elizabeth Loring Grant, 1866. Charcoal, chalk and pencil on paper. Promised Gift of the Macon and Joan Brock Collection to the Chrysler Museum of Art The Chrysler Museum of Art in Norfolk, VA., just announced Hampton Roads Philanthropist Joan Brock has made a $34 million gift to the museum, including 40 works of art from the Macon and Joan Brock Collection and two posi... read more
Art History News2 weeks ago
Golden Boy Gustav Klimt. Inspired by Van Gogh, Rodin, Matisse...

* Van Gogh Museum* *7 October 2022 till 8 January 2023* [image: 1 PB KLIMT Judith.jpg] Gustav Klimt: *Judith*, 1901, Öl und Blattgold auf Leinwand, 84 × 42 cm, Belvedere, Vienna. Photo: Belvedere, Vienna, Johannes Stoll *Gustav Klimt is known throughout the world for his paintings featuring gold and decorative ornaments, his universal symbolism and his pictures of strong women. But where did he find inspiration?* *The exhibition Golden Boy Gustav Klimt. Inspired by Van Gogh, Rodin, Matisse… offers visitors a remarkable opportunity to view Klimt’s art alongside work by the numero... read more
Art History News2 weeks ago
The Woman in White: Joanna Hiffernan and James McNeill Whistler

*National Gallery of Art, in Washington, DC, * *July 3–October 10,* 2022 James McNeill Whistler, Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl, 1861–1863, 1872, oil on canvas, overall: 213 x 107.9 cm (83 7/8 x 42 1/2 in.) National Gallery of Art, Washington, Harris Whittemore Collection When James McNeill Whistler (1834–1903) and Joanna Hiffernan (1839–1886) met in 1860, they began a close professional and personal relationship that lasted for over two decades. Featuring some 60 works including paintings, drawings, and prints, The Woman in White: Joanna Hiffernan and James McNeill Whis... read more
Art History News2 weeks ago
ERNST WILHELM NAY Retrospective
The Hamburger Kunsthalle is dedicating a solo exhibition to Ernst Wilhelm Nay (1902–1968), the first retrospective in many years of the work of one of the leading painters of the twentieth century. Nay’s vibrant and colourful paintings form a bridge between art before and after the Second World War. His art merges elements of Expressionism, abstraction and gestural painting after 1945 and links German and international modernism. Based on around 120 paintings, watercolours and drawings, the show explores all phases of Nay’s complex oeuvre. The works span a period of fifty years, ... read more
Art History News2 weeks ago
The Morgan Stanley Exhibition: Edvard Munch. Masterpieces from Bergen

*The Courtauld Gallery* *27 May – 4 September 2022* A collection of significant paintings by Edvard Munch (1863-1944) have gone on show together for the first time in the UK in a new exhibition at The Courtauld. Also see newly edited: *Edvard Munch in Dialogue * The Morgan Stanley Exhibition: *Edvard Munch. Masterpieces from Bergen* showcases 18 seminal works by Munch on loan from KODE Art Museums in Bergen, Norway – home to one of the most important Munch collections in the world. The exhibition follows The Morgan Stanley Exhibition: *Van Gogh. Self-Portraits*, one of the most h... read more

The Fantasy of the Middle Ages

*Getty Center, Los Angeles* *June 21 – September 11, 2022* Saint George and the Dragon, about 1450– 55, Master of Guillebert de Mets (Flemish, active about 1410–50). Tempera colors, gold leaf, and ink on parchment, 19.4 × 14 cm (7 5/8 × 5 1/2 in.). Getty Museum, Ms. 2 (84.ML.67), fol. 18vStolzenfels Castle, 1878 C. Hertel (German, active 1860s–1870s). Albumen silver print 9.8 × 14.8 cm (3 7/8 × 5 13/16 in.) Getty Museum 84.XP.1156.5Fairies in a Bird’s Nest, 1860. John Anster Fitzgerald (English, 1823–1906). Oil on canvas, 40.6 × 48.3 cm (16 × 19 in.) Fine Arts Museums of San Franc... read more

Love Life -David Hockney Drawings 1963-1977

* The Holburne Museum* *27 May to 18 September 2022* [image: A line drawing by David Hockney featrung a book and a bottle of water on a table] *David Hockney, Vichy Water and ‘Howards End,’ Carennac, 1970 © David Hockney* *A sumptuous collection of rarely seen drawings by one of our most popular and recognisable artists goes on display in Bath this summer* *In 2017, prior to the opening of a retrospective exhibition at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, David Hockney (b.1937) painted the words ‘Love Life’ on the final wall of the show. Explaining his actions, he said: **“I love my w... read more

Rosa Bonheur

*Museum of Fine Arts, * *18 May-18 September 2022* *Musée d'Orsay, * *October 18, 2022-January 15, 2023* *On the occasion of the bicentenary of Rosa Bonheur's birth in Bordeaux, the Musée des Beaux-Arts in her hometown and the Musée d'Orsay, Paris, are organizing a major retrospective of her work. The Château de Rosa Bonheur in Thomery (Seine-et-Marne), where the artist lived for nearly half a century, as well as the Departmental Museum of Barbizon painters are the exceptional partners of the exhibition. The bicentenary of Rosa Bonheur's birth is included in the calendar of F... read more

Christie's 26 May | Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre Picasso, Monet
- Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) *Buste d’homme dans un cadre* signed ‘Picasso’ (upper left); dated ‘29.3.69’ (on the reverse) oil on canvas 92 x 73 cm. (36 ¼ x 28 ¾ in.) Painted in Mougins on 29 March 1969 Estimate on Request Christie’s is pleased has announced Pablo Picasso’s *Buste d’homme dans un cadre* from the Estate of Sir Sean Connery, as a leading highlight of the 20 th and 21st Century Art Evening Sale to take place on 26 May at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre (estimate on request; in the region of HK$150 million/ US$19 million). Offered fresh to the m... read more

Walter Sickert

Tate Britain 28 April – 18 September 2022 [image: Walter Richard Sickert Brighton Pierrots 1915. Tate] Walter Richard Sickert *Brighton Pierrots *1915. Tate Tate Britain has opened London’s biggest retrospective of Walter Sickert (1860-1942) in almost 30 years. A master of self-invention and theatricality, Sickert took a radically modern approach to painting in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, transforming how everyday life was captured on canvas. This major exhibition features over 150 of his works from over 70 public and private collections, from scenes of rowdy music ... read more

Alex Katz

*Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza* *11 June to 11 September 2022* Curator: Guillermo Solana For the first time in Spain the Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza is presenting a retrospective on the American painter Alex Katz (born New York, 1927), one of the most important figures in 20th-century American art who remains active today, aged ninety-four. The exhibition is curated by the museum’s artistic director Guillermo Solana and has benefited from the participation of the artist himself, who has closely followed the project’s development. Brought together for this event are 35 la... read more

At First Light: Two Centuries of Artists in Maine

*Bowdoin College Museum of Art* *June 25 to November 6, 2022* The Family Evening , oil on canvas, ca. 1924, by Marguerite Zorach, American, 1887 – 1968. Gift of Dahlov Ipcar and Tessim Zorach, Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Brunswick, Maine .Wabanaki Birchbark Covered Box , 1834, birchbark and split spruce root, Ambroise St. Aubin family, known as the Bear Family Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Brunswick, MaineSunlight on the Coast , 1890, oil on canvas by Winslow Homer, American, 1836 - 1910. Tol e do Museum of Art, Gift of Edward Drummond Libbe Abraham Hanson , ca. 1828, oil o... read more

Picasso, Chagall, Miró: La Belle Époque on Paper
Why this era continues to fascinate contemporary audiences A glimpse into the important single-owner collection presented at Freeman's this May. This May marks the first public appearance of an important collection of artworks from a private New York family. The family’s interest in major European artists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries was piqued through contact with Herman C. Goldsmith, the reputable New York dealer and close friend of the collectors. Most of the works were directly purchased from the New York socialite and lovingly kept in their Manhattan apartment,... read more

The EY Exhibition: Cezanne

*Tate Modern* *5 October 2022 – 12 March 2023* Paul Cezanne. The Basket of Apples, c. 1893. The Art Institute of Chicago, Helen Birch Bartlett Memorial Collection. In autumn 2022, Tate Modern will present a once-in-a-generation exhibition of paintings, watercolours and drawings by Paul Cezanne (1839-1906). Famously referred to as the “greatest of us all” by Claude Monet, Cezanne remains a pivotal figure in modern painting who gave license to generations of artists to break the rules. Created amid a rapidly accelerating world, his works focus on the local and the everyday, conce... read more

At the Dawn of a New Age: Early Twentieth-Century American Modernism

*Whitney Museum of American Art* *May 7, 2022, to March 2023* Marguerite Zorach, Landscape with Figures, c. 1913. Gouache and watercolor on silk, 11 1/2 × 18 in. (29.2 × 45.7 cm. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; purchase, with funds from Mary and Garrett Moran T.2022.201 Opening this weekend, *At the Dawn of a New Age: Early Twentieth-Century American Modernism*, an exhibition of over sixty works by more than forty-five artists that highlights the complexity of American art produced between 1900 and 1930, at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York. The exhibition ... read more

Surrealism Beyond Borders

*Eyal Ofer Galleries* *24 February 2022 – 29 August 2022* [image: Leonora Carrington Self-portrait c.1937–38. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, The Pierre and Maria-Gaetana Matisse Collection, 2002 © 2021 Estate of Leonora Carrington / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Image © Metropolitan Museum of Art.] Leonora Carrington Self-portrait c.1937–38. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, The Pierre and Maria-Gaetana Matisse Collection, 2002 © 2021 Estate of Leonora Carrington / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Image © Metropolitan Museum of Art. Surrealis... read more
Art History News1 month ago
Georgia O’Keeffe, Photographer

* Denver Art Museum* *July 3 through November 6, 2022* The Denver Art Museum (DAM) will bring a trove of newly identified photographs by groundbreaking artist Georgia O’Keeffe to Colorado in 2022 in an exhibition organized by the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH) with the collaboration of the Georgia O’Keeffe Museum, Santa Fe. [image: Black and white photograph of a Jimsonweed flower] Georgia O'Keeffe, *Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium)*, 1964–68, black-and-white Polaroid, Georgia O’Keeffe Museum, Santa Fe. © Georgia O’Keeffe Museum. *Georgia O’Keeffe, Photographer*, reveals a new... read more

'Annibale Carracci. The frescoes from the Herrera Chapel'

*Museo del Prado, * * 8th March to 12th June 2022* In the first years of the 17th century, the Bolognese artist Annibale Carracci made a commitment with the noble Spanish banker Juan Enríquez de Herrera to paint a fresco in the chapel of his family, founded by Diego de Herrera, in the church of San Giacomo degli Spagnoli in Rome. The artist conceived the whole work, dedicated to the Franciscan saint Saint Didacus of Alcalà, and began the design of all the preparatory panels. Due to an illness, from 1605 onwards the project had to be delegated to Francesco Albani. During the... read more

Roy Lichtenstein: History in the Making, 1948–1960

* Columbus Museum of Art* * March 4 through June 5, 2022* The first major museum exhibition to explore the early work of Roy Lichtenstein, one the most celebrated American artists of the 20th century, will be on view at the Columbus Museum of Art from March 4 through June 5, 2022. Roy Lichtenstein: History in the Making, 1948–1960 offers an in-depth view of the artist’s years in Columbus, Ohio, and includes approximately 90 works on loan from public and private collections in a range of media. With many works on public view for the first time, this unprecedented exhibition demo... read more

As They Saw It: Artists Witnessing War

The Clark Art Institute’s latest exhibition presents four centuries of war imagery from Europe and the United States in As They Saw It: Artists Witnessing War, on view March 5–May 30, 2022. Spanning European and American art from 1520–1920, the exhibition of prints, drawings, and photographs shows how artists have portrayed periods of military conflict, bringing war off the battlefield and into the homes and lives of those who were often at a far remove from the scene. The exhibition is on view in the Eugene V. Thaw Gallery of the Clark’s Manton Research Center. Visual media have ... read more

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Matisse: The Red Studio

*Museum of Modern Art* *May 1 – September 10, 2022 * * SMK – The National Gallery of Denmark in Copenhagen * * October 13, 2022, through February 26, 2023.* The Museum of Modern Art announces Matisse: The Red Studio, an exhibition focusing on the genesis and history of Matisse’s The Red Studio (1911), a painting that has remained among MoMA’s most important works since it was acquired in 1949. The large canvas depicts the artist’s studio filled with his paintings and sculptures, furniture, and decorative objects. This exhibition reunites the artworks shown in The Red Studio for ... read more

The Wyeth Foundation for American Art - more than 7,000 works of Andrew Wyeth

xxx Andrew Wyeth, BLACK HUNTER, 1938, tempera on panel. Collection of the Wyeth Foundation for American Art © 2022 Andrew Wyeth/Artist Rights Society (ARS) Andrew Wyeth, FAMILY TREE STUDY, 1964, watercolor on paper. Collection of the Wyeth Foundation for American Art © 2022 Andrew Wyeth/Artist Rights Society (ARS) The Wyeth Foundation for American Art has established a collection-sharing arrangement providing for more than 7,000 works of Andrew Wyeth (1917-2009) to be maintained, conserved and exhibited for the general public at the Brandywine River Museum of Art and the Farnswort... read more

Christie’s Announces 20/21 Marquee Week Day Sales May 13- 16
Christie’s Announces 20/21 Marquee Week Day Sales Post-War and Contemporary Art Day Sale | 13 May The Collection of Thomas and Doris Ammann Day Sale | 13 May Impressionist and Modern Works on Paper and Day Sale | 14 May The Surrealist World of Rosalind Gersten Jacobs and Melvin Jacobs | 14 May Picasso Ceramics | Online | 2 – 16 May [image: Property from the Family of Nina Van Rensselaer WAYNE THIEBAUD (1920 - 2021) Three Ice Cream Cones oil on canvas 12 x 15 in. (30.5 x 38.1 cm.) Painted in 1964. $2,500,000-3,500,000] Property from the Family of Nina Van Rensselaer WAYNE THIEBAUD (1... read more

The Bruce Museum in Greenwich, Conn., announced the promised gift of a major collection of European and American art

Edward Hopper (American, 1882-1967), Bridle Path, 1939, oil on canvas, 23 3/8 x 42 1/8 in.*Courtesy of the Bruce Museum* The identities of the collectors of this transformative gift of 70 artworks—which includes Edward Hopper’s seminal final painting *Two Comedians* (1966)—have been guessed at, but not revealed, according to ARTnews. Edward Hopper (American, 1882-1967), Bridle Path, 1939, oil on canvas, 23 3/8 x 42 1/8 in.*Courtesy of the Bruce Museum* The identities of the collectors of this transformative gift of 70 artworks—which includes Edward Hopper’s seminal final pain... read more
Art History News1 month ago
Impressionism: Franco-German Encounters
With a new presentation of over 80 works by French and German Impressionists, the Hamburger Kunsthalle is taking a fresh look at one of the defining art movements of modernism as a European phenomenon. Paintings, sculptures and pastels are presented in new constellations in five redesigned halls in the Licht­wark Gallery. Major works by Max Liebermann, Lovis Corinth and Max Slevogt, the »triumvirate of German Impressionism«, meet up here with French icons such as Édouard Manet, Auguste Renoir and Claude Monet. The show also brings in artists who have not been presented at the Ham... read more
Art History News1 month ago
Sotheby's Modern Evening sale on May 17.

The Toledo Museum of Art Will Deaccession Three Impressionist Paintings That Could Fetch More Than $60 Million at Sotheby’s [image: Paul Cézanne, Clairière (The Glade) (ca. 1895). Courtesy of Sotheby's.]Paul Cézanne, *Clairière (The Glade)* (ca. 1895). Courtesy of Sotheby's. When Steve Cohen’s 1932 Picasso comes up for sale at Sotheby’s on May 17, it will be joined on the auction block by three Impressionist paintings from the collection of the Toledo Museum of Art (TMA), which could net as much as $64 million—the largest institutional deaccession of the season. The consignment in... read more
Art History News1 month ago
Christie’s 20th Century Evening Sale May 12 - Additional works

Pissarro seized by Nazis to be sold at auction after families settle In an undated image provided via Christie’s, “The Anse des Pilotes, Le Havre,” by Camille Pissarro, painted in 1903. A Pissarro painting that was at the center of a dispute between the heirs of a Jewish couple whose art collection was seized by the Nazis before World War II and a Jewish family who bought it in 1994 will be sold at auction after the two sides reached agreement. Via Christie’s via The New York Times. The details of the settlement were not disclosed, but Christie’s has placed an estimate of $1.2 ... read more
Art History News1 month ago
Diego Rivera’s America

* San Francisco Museum of Modern Art * * July 16, 2022–January 2, 2023* Diego Rivera, Flower Seller, 1926; Honolulu Museum of Art, gift of Mr. and Mrs. Philip E. Spalding, 1932; © Bancode México Diego Rivera & Frida Kahlo Museums Trust, Mexico, D.F. / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York; photo: courtesy Honolulu Museum of Art The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) will present *Diego Rivera’s America**,* the most in-depth examination of the artist’s work in over two decades. *Diego Rivera’s America* brings together more than 150 of Rivera’s paintings, fresc... read more
Art History News1 month ago
Wealth and Beauty: Pier Francesco Foschi and Painting in Renaissance Florence

Pontormo, del Sarto, Foschi. One of these names is much less of a household name when it comes to 16th-century Italian art, but the Georgia Museum of Art at the University of Georgia aims to change that this January. “Wealth and Beauty: Pier Francesco Foschi and Painting in Renaissance Florence,” organized by Nelda Damiano, the museum’s Pierre Daura Curator of European Art, is the first exhibition dedicated to Pier Francesco Foschi (1502 – 1567), a highly prolific and fashionable Florentine painter whose career spanned nearly five decades. Despite his success at the time, he fell i... read more
Art History News1 month ago
Bernini and the Roman Baroque: Masterpieces from Palazzo Chigi in Ariccia,

* The Museum of Fine Arts, St. Petersburg (MFA)* *February 12 through May 8, 2022* At the dawn of the seventeenth century, a new generation of artists emerged in Rome that would develop an artistic movement known as the Baroque period. Following the Renaissance, this eccentric new style spread rapidly through Europe and reached to the Americas. *Bernini and the Roman Baroque: Masterpieces** from Palazzo Chigi in Ariccia* explores the genesis of this artistic movement. Through a selection of works from 40 artists, including 10 works by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, this exhibition illum... read more
Art History News1 month ago
Sotheby's Modern Evening Auction on 27 April Hong Kong

Dora Maar was a commanding presence and this portrait by Picasso conveys her beauty and intellect to powerful effect. Painted in the French tricolor of red, white and blue – and prominently signed and dated – it captures a real sense of Maar’s personality and speaks eloquently of Picasso’s feelings. Interest in Picasso has been surging among Asian collectors, as we witnessed last year with two consecutive auction records for the artist in Asia, most notably for a portrait of Picasso’s second wife Jacqueline Roque. This season we are thrilled to present a museum-quality work that r... read more
Art History News1 month ago
Heritage May 10 American Art Signature® Auction
Heritage Auctions has announced one of the most comprehensive – and jubilant – American art events in recent memory. In the words of Senior Vice President Aviva Lehmann, the May 10 American Art Signature® Auction, featuring 150 works, is “a museum-quality auction showing off our strength and ability to curate a perfect sale that covers every genre of American Art.” The event, which is now open for bidding, spans the breadth of American art, from Ashcan to Impressionism, Regionalism to Hudson River, illustration to sculpture. Here, collectors are treated to everything from Rembran... read more
Art History News1 month ago
Distinguished American Paintings

[image: QUESTROYAL] Questroyal Fine Art 903 Park Avenue (at 79th Street) Third Floor New York, NY 10075 (212) 744-3586 gallery@questroyalfineart.com questroyalfineart.com [image: Paintings distinguished by provenance and history] [image: Autumn Landscape with Cattle, 1879 by Jasper Francis Cropsey (1823–1900)] [image: Fire Opals (Lady in Furs: Portrait of Mrs. Searls), 1912 by Childe Hassam (1859–1935)] [image: Palm Tree, Barbados by Joseph Stella (1877–1946)] [image: Twilight in the Wilderness, 1864 by John Williamson (1826–1885)] [image: Tug Boats, 1937 by Reginald Marsh (1898–1954)] read more
Art History News1 month ago
Christie's New York 20th Century Evening Sale May 12 2022 - Updated

Claude Monet, (1840-1926), Champ d'avoine et de coquelicots, signed and dated 'Claude Monet 90' (lower right), oil on canvas, 25.5/8 x 36.1/4 in. (65 x 92.1 cm.) Painted in Giverny in 1890. © Christie's Images Ltd 2022. Claude Monet’s Champ d’avoine et de coquelicots, (estimate: $12 million – 18 million) will highlight the 20th Century Evening Sale during the Spring Marquee Week of sales. The 1890 masterwork comes to Christie’s from an Important Private French Collection along with two wonderful examples from the late 19th century offered in the Impressionist and Modern Art Day Sale... read more
Art History News1 month ago
Scenes of Transcendent Beauty: Thomas Moran’s Yellowstone

Thomas Moran (England, 1837–1926), Hot Springs of Gardiner's River, Yellowstone Park, 1871. Watercolor and graphite on paper. 9 7/8 x 13 inches. On loan from the Yellowstone Heritage and Research Center. *The National Museum of Wildlife Art (NMWA) will open Scenes of Transcendent Beauty: Thomas Moran’s Yellowstone on May 14, 2022, an exhibition celebrating Yellowstone National Park’s 150th Anniversary this year. The exhibition will be on view through August 23, 2022.* *Scenes of Transcendent Beauty* explores the impact of Yellowstone on Thomas Moran and of Moran on Yellowstone. ... read more

Matisse in the 1930s

*Philadelphia Museum of Art, * *October 19, 2022–January 29, 2023 * *Paris, Musée de l’Orangerie, * *February 27, 2023–May 29, 2023 * *Musée Matisse Nice, * *June 23, 2023–September 24, 2023* [image: Henri Matisse "Large Reclining Nude" 1935. 26 1/8 × 36 3/4 inches (66.4 × 93.3 cm). Oil on canvas Baltimore Museum of Art: The Cone Collection, formed by Dr. Claribel Cone and Miss Etta Cone of Baltimore, Maryland, 1950.258. © 2022 Succession H. Matisse/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.] Henri Matisse "Large Reclining Nude" 1935. 26 1/8 × 36 3/4 inches (66.4 × 93.3 cm). Oil

Donatello, the Renaissance
From 19 March to 31 July 2022 the Fondazione Palazzo Strozzi and the Musei del Bargello host *ç*, an historic, once-in-a-lifetime exhibition which sets out to reconstruct the astonishing career of one of the most important and influential masters of Italian art of any age, juxtaposing his work with masterpieces by artists who were his contemporaries such as Brunelleschi, Masaccio, Andrea Mantegna, Giovanni Bellini, Raphael and Michelangelo. Curated by Francesco Caglioti, professor of medieval art history at the Scuola Normale di Pisa, the exhibition showcases over 130 works of... read more
Art History News2 months ago
An American Place

*Palmer Museum of Art* January 29 - May 1, 2022 SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS GALLERY, SECOND FLOOR The story of the coming of age of American art is filled with alliances and ruptures, expatriates and immigrants, transatlantic dialogues and the search for an authentic aesthetic rooted in America. *An American Place* examines the complexity of this national narrative, highlighting a century of American art from the post-Civil War decades through the Civil Rights era. The exhibition includes paintings, works on paper, and sculptures drawn from the recent bequest of collectors and philanthro... read more

Canaletto’s Venice Revisited

*Canaletto’s Venice Revisited *is now open at the National Maritime Museum. This major exhibition displays the complete set of 24 Venetian views painted by Canaletto in the 1730s. The works, from the world famous collection at Woburn Abbey, form the largest single commission the Italian artist ever received. *Canaletto’s Venice Revisited *reassesses Canaletto at the height of his career, looking beyond the broad views he is famous for to also closely examine the features that bring his Venice to life. Don’t miss this rare opportunity to see this collection up close at the Natio... read more


Alone Together: Encounters in American Realism

- *Opening Sunday, May 29 at The Westmoreland Museum of American Art*, in Greensburg, Penn., the exhibition *Alone Together: Encounters in American Realism* brings together works of art separated by almost a century to consider how they are bound together by the shared experience of living and working in difficult times. Edward Biberman (1904–1986), Tear Gas and Water Hoses, 1945, Oil on canvas, 29 x 36 inches, The Schoen Collection, American Scene Painting The exhibition is guest curated by Alex J. Taylor, Assistant Professor in the Department of History of Ar... read more
Art History News2 months ago
Completed Eastman Johnson Catalogue Raisonné,

Eastman Johnson, Self-Portrait, c. 1850, National Gallery of Art, Washington, District of Columbia, John Davis Hatch Collection (1979.20.73). The National Academy of Design is pleased to announce the publication of the *Eastman Johnson Catalogue Raisonné: Drawings & Prints* on April 5, the anniversary of the artist’s death. The addition of this section completes the catalogue raisonné of American artist Eastman Johnson, following the section dedicated to his paintings that was first published online in July 2021. The Eastman Johnson Catalogue Raisonné (EJCR) is founded and dire... read more

Sotheby’s Modern Evening Auction on 17 May: Claude Monet , Pablo Picasso , Philip Guston

Picasso’s Rapturous 1932 Homage to Marie-Thérèse Walter Painted in April 1932, 90 years ago to the month, *Femme nue couchée* is one of Pablo Picasso’s most monumental and uninhibitedly sensual portrayals of Marie-Thérèse Walter. Appearing at auction for the first time, the large-scale painting is poised to achieve in excess of $60 million at Sotheby’s Modern Evening Auction on 17 May, making it one of the most valuable portraits of Marie-Thérèse Walter ever offered at auction. Marie-Thérèse was the inspiration for many of Picasso’s greatest works, with 1932 - the year in which h... read more

Treasures of American Art: The Cynthia & Heywood Fralin Collection,

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 The Taubman Museum of Art is pleased to present Treasures of American Art: The Cynthia & Heywood Fralin Collection, on view now through Sept. 4, 2022.

The exhibition features 93 works from 64 American artists spanning the period of 1861 to 1975, collected over a period of 25 years by Cynthia and Heywood Fralin. It marks the first time all of the works will be on view together.



Robert Henri, Johnny Patton, n.d. Oil on canvas, 24 x 20 inches.

“The Fralins are among the nation’s most ambitious and discerning collectors of late 19th-century to mid- 20th-century American art,” noted Dr. Karl E. Willers, Taubman Museum of Art chief curator and deputy director of exhibitions and collections. “The Fralin Collection contains truly extraordinary examples of artworks by some of the best known and respected American painters of their time who continue to influence and inspire today - from Mary Cassatt to John Singer Sargent; from Winslow Homer to Norman Rockwell; from Georgia O’Keeffe and Grandma Moses to three generations of Wyeths: N.C., Andrew and Jamie.“

“All the works are meaningful to us in one way or another,” said Cynthia and Heywood Fralin. “We gathered the pieces in the collection first and foremost for our own pleasure and enjoyment, but with the idea that they would one day become teaching tools for future generations of students interested in American art.”

Debra Force, owner of Debra Force Fine Art in New York City and a specialist in American paintings, drawings and sculpture from the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, assisted the Fralins in building their collection.

“With quality being the overriding factor in anything considered for the collection, Heywood and Cynthia have been open-minded in making their acquisitions,” said Force. “Criteria have included historical significance, as in 



Thomas Hart Benton’s Old Kansas City

distinguished provenance, as in 



Walt Kuhn’s Girl with Turban, previously owned by Frank Sinatra; prominent exhibition history, as in Otto Bacher’s Ella’s Hotel, Richfield, Ohio, shown at the famous Paris Universal Exposition in 1889; and public recognition, as in Norman Rockwell’s The Little Model, published on the cover of a 1919 issue of Collier’s magazine.”

Stuart Davis, Coast Town Landscape Study, 1940. Oil on canvas, 10 x 14 inches.


Treasures of American Art is organized into six central themes:

• The Portrait: Celebrity and Intimacy, which explores aspects of American life and culture and such developments as advances in portraiture and representations of individual identity;
• The Countryside: Rural and Outskirts, which examines the historic transformation of rural environments in the United States;
• The Frontier: Westward and Regionalism, which considers the formative concept of the frontier in westward expansion;
• The Interior: Labor and Leisure, featuring the public and the private in interior spaces where everyday experiences unfold;
• The Coast: Beaches and Harbors, which studies the seaside and shoreline that historically influenced and determined so much of social and economic existence; and
• The City: Streets and Parks, which highlights the always-bustling and ever-expanding realities of the urban metropolis that emerged to symbolize all that is new and modern in American life.

Treasures of American Art complements and expands upon the many significant works in the Taubman Museum of Art’s permanent collection, now on view in the Fralin Center for American Art, located on the Museum’s second floor. Among the noteworthy artists included in the permanent collection are William Bradford, Maria Oakey Dewing, George Inness, Childe Hassam, Robert Henri, Norman Rockwell, John Singer Sargent and John Henry Twachtman.


The Synchromists

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The Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza is presenting a small-format exhibition devoted to the first American abstract art movement, Synchromism, which means “with colour” as symphony means “with sound”. The movement was founded by the American artists Morgan Russell (1886-1953) and Stanton Macdonald-Wright (1890-1973) who were living in Paris when they presented their work to the public under this name. At the height of Futurism, Cubism and Simultaneism, Russell and Macdonald-Wright focused on the use of colour to evoke form and space, transforming it into an independent expressive and formal element.

The exhibition presents eight works loaned by the Vilcek Foundation in New York. These studies on paper, oils on canvas and hand-painted posters allow for an appreciation of the emergence and evolution of this artistic experiment, which was most significantly active in the period from 1912 to 1916, an era that saw an increasing quest for synaesthesia in painting. They are accompanied by a selection of paintings from the permanent collection in order to fully present the European context in which this movement emerged.

Russell and Macdonald-Wright met in Paris in 1911 where their earliest artistic investigations were inspired by Fauvist colour and Cubist structure. In addition to Michel Eugène Chevreul and Hermann von Helmholtz’s colour theories, they soon introduced the complex notions formulated by Percyval Tudor-Hart, who proposed a scale of geometrical progression that modified luminosity and created correspondences with musical tones. Russell and Macdonald-Wright devised a simplified system which allowed them to create colour scales and harmonies in the manner of musical chords, ranging from yellow to violet and from light to dark.

In 1913 they exhibited together for the first time in two European cities: Munich (1 to 30 June) and Paris (27 October to 8 November). In the catalogues of the two exhibitions the artists explained that their aim was not to create a school but to avoid having incorrect labels applied to them, such as Cubist, Futurist or Orphist.

In these manifestos Russell and Macdonald-Wright stated their aim to be the investigation of relationships between colour, form and space and their organic rhythm, density, transparency and luminosity with the aim of transmitting a musical sensation through their works.

The posters advertising the exhibition, painted by the artists themselves, combined printed typography with drawings and gouaches. They soon disappeared from the walls and kiosks on which they were displayed, taken home by passers-by. Only three have survived, of which the two in the collection of the Vilcek Foundation are included in this exhibition.

In March 1914 the two artists exhibited in New York while in 1916 they showed their work alongside that of other artists at the Forum Exhibition of Modern American Painters. Russell and Macdonald-Wright returned to figurative painting in the 1920s but occasionally revisited their earlier artistic investigations.




Morgan Russell
Synchromist Still Life, ca. 1910
Oil on canvas. 41,6 x 33,3 cm. The Vilcek Foundation Collection. © Courtesy Jean Joyce


Stanton Macdonald-Wright
Conception. Life-Cycle Series No.II: Tinted Sketch for Synchromy in Blue-Violet, 1914
Watercolor, pen and carbon black ink on paper. 58,4 x 44,8 cm. The Vilcek Foundation Collection. © Courtesy of The Estate of Jean Macdonald‐Wright





Title: The Synchromists

Organiser: Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza.

Venues and dates: Madrid, Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, 27 June to 1 November 2022.

Curator: Emily Schuchardt Navratil, curator at the Vilcek Foundation.

Technical curator: Clara Marcellán, curator of Modern Painting at the Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza.

Number of works: 8 from Vilcek Foundation collection and 9 from Thyssen-Bornemisza collection.

Publications:Please don’t say Synchromism …, by Clara Marcellán, in Ventanas, online periodical regarding research of the Works of the Collection. 


We the People: The Radical Notion of Democracy

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 Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art

July 2, 2022 to January 2, 2023


Jacob Lawrence,. . . is life so dear or peace so sweet as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?—Patrick Henry,1775 , Panel 1, 1955, from Struggle: From the History of the American People, 1954–56, egg tempera on hardboard. Collection of Harvey and Harvey-Ann Ross. © 2022 The Jacob and Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence Foundation, Seattle / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
Gilbert Stuart, George Washington [The Constable-Hamilton Portrait], 1797, oil on canvas, 59 x46 3/4 x 4 1/2 in. Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville, Arkansas, 2005.27. Photography by Edward C. Robison III.

Original print of the U.S. Constitution headlines exhibition sponsored by Ken Griffin (who purchased it for $43.2 million at Sotheby's in 2021) that combines art and history to broaden the American narrative

A document at the very heart of U.S. democracy was unveiled in an art exhibition this summer. Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art opened We the People: The Radical Notion of Democracy, placing a rare, original print of the U.S. Constitution — there are just eleven known in the world — in conversation with works of art that provide diverse perspectives on the nation’s founding principles. Original prints of other founding documents, including the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the proposed Bill of Rights, are displayed alongside works by influential historical and contemporary artists, including several new acquisitions, in the museum’s first exhibition organized by Polly Nordstrand, Crystal Bridges’ curator of Native American art. We the People: The Radical Notion of Democracy will be on view from July 2, 2022 to January 2, 2023.

The exhibition gives visitors the opportunity, through art, to explore the significance of the world's longest-surviving written charter of government and reflect on the relevance of the U.S. Constitution in the lives of Americans today. The interplay of artworks spanning three centuries with the nation’s persevering documents acknowledges the long-contested space of rights, justice, and freedom and the important role of artistic expression in the related discourse throughout American history.

“Art has long been a powerful platform for uplifting the inherent ideals of the U.S. Constitution,” says Nordstrand. “We hope visitors see how artists have creatively engaged in the dialogue to demonstrate our rights and the greater aspirations of our nation to seek equality and justice for all.”

The museum’s first curator of Native American art, Nordstrand is leading efforts to build relationships with Native nations, develop the early, modern and contemporary Native American art collection at Crystal Bridges, and provide vision for the museum’s Native art program.

Shelly Niro, Treaties, 2008, printed 2022, inkjet print, 24 x 54 1/8 in. Courtesy of the artist.
John Dunlap and David Claypool, The Official First Edition of the Constitution, 1787, ink on paper, 16 1/8 x 10 1/8 in. Private Collection. Photography courtesy of Sotheby’s, Inc.

Highlighted works in the exhibition include historical paintings such as John Lee Douglas Mathies’s depiction of Seneca leader Red Jacket and John Trumbull’s portrait of Alexander Hamilton, as well as twentieth- and twenty-first century works by Mark Bradford, Elizabeth Catlett, Jacob Lawrence, Shelley Niro, Roger Shimomura, and others exploring constitutional themes of equality, freedom and justice.

“This is a rare, must-see opportunity to experience such an inspiring and thought-provoking exhibition that speaks to Crystal Bridges’ mission to celebrate the American spirit through powerful art,” says museum executive director and chief diversity and inclusion officer, Rod Bigelow. “The strength of our collection has allowed us to put forward a dynamic and inclusive exhibition that helps us see the ideals of the Constitution anew and envision ways to aspire to them.”

John Trumbull, Portrait of Alexander Hamilton, 1792, oil on canvas, 102 x 73 x 5 1/2 in. Jointly Owned by Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art and The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Credit Suisse, 2013.4. Photography by Edward C. Robison III.

The original print of the Constitution heads to Crystal Bridges following its purchase late last year by Citadel founder and CEO Ken Griffin, who acquired the historic document with the intention of making it accessible to the public. The sale caught the attention of Crystal Bridges Board Chair Olivia Walton, who suggested partnering with Mr. Griffin to bring the document to Crystal Bridges first, where it will be on display free of charge.

Dalí / El Greco

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Salvador Dalí (1904–1989), Christ of St John of the Cross, 1951, oil on canvas © CSG CIC Glasgow Museums Collection

From July 9 to December 4, 2022, The Auckland Project in the U.K. will unite two Spanish masterpieces from British collections at the Spanish Gallery.

Acquired by Glasgow city in 1952 directly from the artist, Salvador Dalí’s Christ of St John of the Cross is one of the most celebrated and reproduced paintings of the 20th century. It will be exhibited alongside El Greco’s Christ on the Cross, which went on public display for the first time after more than two centuries in a private collection when the Spanish Gallery opened last year.

Separated by nearly 350 years, both artists were radical and innovative in their own time - El Greco with his deeply expressive use of exaggerated form and colour, and Dalí with his dream-like compositions rendered in lucid detail. Both works convey landscapes based on places the artists lived and worked, from the greenery of Toledo to the coastal backdrop of Portlligat. However that is where the similarities end, with each artist offering deeply contrasting perspectives on the theme.

El Greco depicts Christ as a real, living man - the vivid blood and pallid face, the use of exaggerated form, and the dramatic contrasts of light speak to an experience of anguish. His painting forces the viewer to come face to face with Christ’s suffering. Dalí in contrast presents a beautiful but anonymous figure viewed from on high, emphasising his role as the Son of God and the magnitude of the sacrifice witnessed. Dalí said: “I want to paint a Christ that is a painting with more beauty and joy than has ever been painted before.” 

Dalí / El Greco will be the first temporary exhibition in The Spanish Gallery, the first gallery in the UK dedicated to the art, history and culture of the Spanish Golden Age. The Gallery, which focuses on art of the 16th and 17th centuries, explores the universal themes of the transience of life and its battle with the desire for eternity. The Gallery complements and
contextualises the Spanish masterpieces by Francisco de Zurbarán held in next door Auckland Castle for over 250 years.
Dalí’s Christ of St John of the Cross was last loaned to a UK institution in 2017, visiting London's Royal Academy. It has never been on display in the North East before. 

Former director of Glasgow Museums Dr. Tom Honeyman, who acquired the work on behalf of the city of Glasgow, expressed Dalí’s eagerness to loan the work as widely as possible, aligning with the Spanish Gallery's mission to make extraordinary examples of Spanish art available to the British public. Honeyman said: “If I were ever asked what I would do with the Dalí, I think I would reply on these lines: Put it into circulation as much and as frequently as possible.”

Christ on the Cross, Doménikos Theotokópoulos, known as ‘El Greco’ 1541–1614, Oil on canvas, 1600–1610, The Spanish Gallery, Bishop Auckland. Acquired with Art Fund support with a contribution from the Wolfson Foundation

The exhibition invites visitors to consider their own response to the work of two important and influential artists and will be accompanied by an exhibition guide containing three short reflections, including one by the Bishop of Durham, the Right Reverend Paul Butler.

Jonathan Ruffer, Founder of The Auckland Project, said: “Our Spanish Gallery has several examples of 'Christ on the Cross' painted some 400 years ago, including our example by master of the Golden Age El Greco. The generous loan of Dalí’s iconic ‘Christ of St John on the Cross’ gives an opportunity for putting the same image from today’s world with that of the past and ask the question - are they really paintings of the same thing?”


"The Form of Freedom. International Abstraction after 1945

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Museum Barberini
until 09/25/2022

With the end of the Second World War, a new chapter was opened in western art: figuration was "out", abstraction was "in". "Abstract Expressionism" in particular became a form of expression of a "free world", which began its triumphant march from the USA with artists such as Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning and Franz Kline, while "Informel" painting, which was also abstract, had its center in Paris . The Barberini Museum in Potsdam now proves that these two most important trends of the post-war period were by no means as uninfluenced by one another as is often claimed.

By the end of the war in 1945, figurative art was discredited in the West. She had allowed herself to be harnessed too much to the respective ideological carts of fascism and communism.

Transatlantic Connections

As the exhibition makes clear at the outset, many protagonists of Abstract Expressionism had European-Jewish roots and/or had come to abstraction through Surrealism, which was spreading from Europe, as illustrated, for example, by an early painting by Mark Rothko.

Art form of a free world

The political appropriation of art, however, continued: Abstraction as a free form of expression of an artistic individual began its triumphal procession - not only in the USA. There, however, the export of Abstract Expressionism, which is regarded as an originally American art form, was specifically promoted. From the artist's point of view, it was about freedom of expression, about individuality, about turning to the spiritual, about transcendence.

But the group of those who joined the Informel in France was also international. They came from Germany, like Wols, who died young, or from Spain, like the Catalan Antoní Tàpies. And American artists also moved to Paris immediately after the war - for example the painter Joan Mitchell or her colleague Sam Francis, who, despite having lived in France for many years, are not regarded as representatives of Informalism but of Abstract Expressionism.

United in a magnificent room, their colorful color landscapes of brush strokes, color noses and enthusiasm for Claude Monet's late water lily paintings can be read and one understands why the term "Abstract Impressionism" was coined for this type of painting. It is such transatlantic connections and mutual influences that are made transparent room by room, from action painting to color field painting. A distinction between "Informel" and "Abstract Expressionism" seems increasingly wanton.

Impressive

The array of big names like Jackson Pollock, Barnett Newman and Mark Rothko is also impressive – all the more so since they are not used as "stars". Instead, for example, a 1945 painting by painter Janet Sobel illustrates "Illusion of Solidity" in comparison to Pollock's Drip Paintings, where he drew his inspiration from. In the vicinity of works by his wife Lee Krasner or Morris Louis, who died young, it becomes apparent that not only Pollock's experiments with the type of paint application led to great results - which were also eagerly received, accompanied and further developed in Europe.

It is remarkable how many high-quality works this exhibition brings together - especially by painters who are little known in this country, especially female painters. It not only impresses conceptually, but also with the quality and freshness of the images shown.

An opportunity not to be missed.


Mark Rothko
Untitled (Blue, Yellow, Green on Red), 1954
Oil on canvas
197.5 × 166.4 cm
Whitney Museum of American Art, New York
© Kate Rothko Prizel & Christopher Rothko/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2022
Digital image: Whitney Museum of American Art / Licensed by Scala


Jackson Pollock
Composition No. 16, 1948
Oil on canvas
56,5 × 39,5 cm
Museum Frieder Burda, Baden-Baden
© Pollock-Krasner Foundation / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2022
Judit Reigl
Center of Dominance, 1958
Oil on Canvas
191 x 181 cm
Centre Pompidou, Paris. Musée national d'art moderne / Centre de création industrielle. Donation of the artist, 2011
© VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2022
Image: © bpk / CNAC-MNAM / Georges Meguerditchian

Ernst Wilhelm Nay
Jota, 1959
Oil on canvas
162,8 x 130,2 cm
Fondation Gandur pour l'Art, Genève
© Ernst Wilhelm Nay Stiftung, Köln/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2022
Image: Fondation Gandur pour l'Art, Genève. Photographer: Sandra Pointet

Morris Louis
Saf Heh, 1959
Magna on canvas
248 x 352 cm
ASOM Collection
© All Rights Reserved. Maryland Institute College of Art/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2022

Lee Krasner
Bald Eagle, 1955
Oil, paper and canvas collage on linen
195,6 x 130,8 cm
ASOM Collection
© Pollock-Krasner Foundation/ VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2022

Janice Biala
Untitled (Still Life with Three Glasses), 1962
Oil and collage on canvas
162,6 x 145,4 cm
Collection Richard and Karen Duffy, Chicago
© VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2022
Image: McCormick Gallery, Chicago

Sam Francis
My Shell Angel, 1986
Acrylic on Canvas
308,61 x 428,62 cm
Hasso Plattner Collection
© Sam Francis Foundation, California/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2022
Image: Lutz Bertra


Mark Rothko
Untitled, 1958
Acrylic and oil on canvas
142,6 x 157,8 cm
National Gallery of Art, Washington, Gift of The Mark Rothko Foundation, Inc.
© Kate Rothko Prizel & Christopher Rothko/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2022
Image courtesy of the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC

Mary Abbott
Imrie, 1952
Oil and crayon on canvas
180,3 x 188 cm
Collection of Thomas McCormick and Janis Kanter, Chicago
© Photograph courtesy McCormick Gallery, Chicago


American Art from the Thyssen Collection

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In the final event of a year that has paid tribute to Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza (1921-2002), marking the 100th anniversary of his birth, the Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza is presenting an exhibition which brings together the magnificent collection of American art assembled by the Baron over more than three decades. The works on display come from both the Thyssen family and the Carmen Thyssen-Bornemisza collections, as well as and principally from the museum itself, which has an exceptional holding of this school in a European context, making the Museo Thyssen in Madrid a key point of reference for knowledge of American art.

American Art from the Thyssen Collection is the result of a research project undertaken with the support of the Terra Foundation for American Art to study and reinterpret these paintings with a new thematic and transversal approach through categories such as history, politics, science, the environment and urban life. It has also taken into account issues including gender, ethnicity, social class and landscape in order to provide a more profound knowledge of the complexities of American art and culture.

This reinterpretation is revealed in the new presentation of the works in the galleries and in the corresponding catalogue with essays by the two curators: Paloma Alarcó, Head of the Department of Modern Painting at the museum, and Alba Campo Rosillo, Terra Foundation Fellow of American Art, who have also written the texts that accompany each thematic section, together with the museum’s curators of modern painting, Clara Marcellán and Marta Ruiz del Árbol. This selection of works also benefits from commentaries by the experts on American art who have participated in the project. As with all the exhibition and activities associated with the centenary of Baron Thyssen-Bornemisza, the exhibition has received the support of the Comunidad de Madrid.

The 140 paintings brought together for this event are displayed in Rooms 55 to 46 of the museum’s first floor, organised into four thematic sections: NatureCulture CrossingsUrban Space and Material Culture, which are in turn divided into various sub-sections that establish dialogues between paintings from different periods and by different artists, combining 19th- and 20th-century art.

https://www.museothyssen.org/en/private-area/press/dossiers/american-art-thyssen-collection





Jackson Pollock
Number 11, 1950
Oil and aluminum paint on Masonite. Thyssen-Bornemisza Collections




















Romare Bearden
Sunday after Sermon, 1969
Collage on cardboard. Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza


The exhibition’s opening section is devoted to landscape, a central theme in the Thyssen collection in general and in American art in particular. The concept of nature was essential to the creation of the young North American nation and the emergence and evolution of the genre of landscape can thus not be dissociated from American history and the country’s political consciousness. Landscape painting defined the country while at the same time representing it, and the reflection of a virgin nature was consequently established as the ideal formula for reaffirming the growing national spirit.

Sublime America

Following the country’s independence in 1776 and above all at the start of the 19th century American artists, most of whom had trained in Europe, became aware of the grandeur of the country’s topography. In its early years American landscape painting was an adaptation of the European Romantic tradition to the exuberance of the New World, combined with a religious and patriotic sentiment. The section Sublime America focuses on nature as a source of spirituality and pride, of connectivity, life and death. This is evident in the work of Thomas Cole, the first painter to reveal the relationship between man and nature through his use of the conventions of the Romantic sublime and to visually express a religious sentiment; in the work of Frederic Church, who contributed the scientific spirit characteristic of his activities as an explorer; and of George Inness, whose visionary and poetic work aims to arouse the viewer’s emotions.

However, the influence of transcendental Romanticism goes beyond any chronological framework, making it possible to associate 19th- and 20th-century works. The allegory of the cross seen in paintings by Cole and Church is still present in the output of some of the Abstract Expressionists such as Alfonso Ossorio and Willem de Kooning, while the artists associated with the photographer and gallerist Alfred Stieglitz, such as Georgia O’Keeffe, reintroduced the American landscape’s mystical past into modern art. Other 20th-century painters such as Mark Rothko and Clyfford Still remained in contact with sublime nature through abstraction.

Earth Rhythms

In the mid-19th century the positivist, post-Darwinian outlook encouraged a growing scientific interest in the natural world. This second generation of landscape painters came close to the naturalist trend that prevailed in Europe for much of the 19th century, focusing on natural history and on nature’s constant state of transformation. Asher B. Durand, a follower of Cole and a fervent defender of plein air painting, reveals a meticulously scientific realism in his work, as do John Frederick Kensett and James McDougal Hart.

Following a lengthy trip to Europe where he studied the new treatises on light and colour, Frederic Church started to reveal an interest in depicting the transformation of the landscape over the seasons and in different atmospheric conditions, as did Jasper Francis Cropsey who introduced the use of the panoramic format which became widespread among American artists around the mid-century. Slightly later, artists such as Theodore Robinson and William Merritt Chase reveal the incipient influence of the fleeting quality of French Impressionism.

Moving into the 20th century, a notable figure is Arthur Dove who focused on the transformation of the earth’s internal forces and on changing atmospheric conditions, aiming to integrate nature and abstraction in his painting. Another key name is Hans Hofmann, for whom “nature is always the source of the artist’s creative impulses” and who employed a type of organic figuration which combined his European roots and training with innovations arising from his American experience. Jackson Pollock also expressed his desire to reproduce the rhythms of nature; the choreography of the artist moving his body and his hand over the canvas on the floor was a true liturgy linked to the natural world.

Human impact

The tension between civilisation and the preservation of nature penetrated 19th-century painting to such an extent that it laid the way for our modern environmental awareness. Most of the early American landscape painters moved to live in the countryside and frequently depicted scenes of bucolic life which symbolise the abundance of the earth and the harmony between the early settlers and the natural setting. Others became interested in exploring the passing of time through human activity, as evident in scenes of ports on the Atlantic coast by John William Hill, Robert Salmon, Fitz Henry Lane, Francis A. Silva and John Frederick Peto, which find their counterpoint in Charles Sheeler’s 20th-century vision in Wind, Sea and Sail.

The legacy of the tradition of landscape painting was inherited in the late 19th century by Winslow Homer whose work reflects the confrontation of man and the forces of nature. It continues in the 20th century with Edward Hopper; the image of the dead tree that reappears in some of his works connects to those present in paintings by Cole and Durand, uprooted by destructive human impact.

2. CULTURE CROSSINGS

With a title that refers to moments of contact between different communities, this section is organised into three sub-sections:

Settings

Settings focuses on the representation of the natural landscape as the space in which the complex history of North America has been written. From the mid-18th to the 20th century numerous paintings depict narratives that present the land as the site of colonial assimilation, exalting the Euro-American presence over the indigenous or Afro-American one. Landscape also functions as the setting for accounts of man’s domestication of untamed territories and of the inevitably of the extinction of the Native Americans. Examples include the work of Charles Wilson Peale in his portrait of the children of a rich colonist on his plantation of peaches in Maryland; that of Charles Wimar in his depiction of the indigenous people as resigned to their extinction in the face of colonial advance; and the appropriation of indigenous culture evident in artists such as Joseph Henry Sharp, among others.

Hemisphere

This sub-section looks at the territorial, political and economic expansion in the United States towards the west, north and south in the country’s attempt to replace Europe as the sphere of influence on the American continent. The Falls of Saint Anthony, painted by both George Catlin and Henry Lewis, exemplify that progressively occupied but seemingly unaltered natural space, while the landscapes of Latin America by Church, Bierstadt and Heade reflect the discovery of those exotic locations, of commercial expeditions that set out in search of land for cultivation and zones for starting up intercontinental maritime transport. Remote terrains continued to provide a source for artistic experimentation for Winslow Homer in the second half of the 19th century and Andrew Wyeth in the 20th century.

Interactions

Interactions brings together works that represent the different communities of the United States - slaves, the working class, Jewish emigrants, Afro-Americans, Asians, cosmopolitans - analysing their interconnections which ranged from alliance to conflict. On display are the famous prints of indigenous peoples by Karl Bodmer, shown alongside portraits of the colonists who posed for John Singleton Copley and members of high society painted by John Singer Sargent. A focus on the exotic reappears with Frederic Remington in the early 20th century while interest in the working class and the Afro-American community is present in the work of Ben Shahn and Romare Bearden in later decades.

3. URBAN SPACE

This section reflects on modern American culture through artists’ gazes and on the growth and transformation of the urban space, the setting for a new society and the emergence of modernity.

The City

The mass migration of the Afro-American population following the civil war to cities in the north, in addition to major waves of European immigration transformed cities into spaces of encounter between different cultures. In turn, their appearance was transformed by industrial development, transport systems, and large avenues and skyscrapers, all of which inspired artists. Charles Sheeler compared streets and avenues with the geological formations of canyons; Max Weber expressed his experience of the city through the influence of Cubism and Futurism; while John Marin, who was associated with the European avant-gardes, conveyed the vital energy of the metropolis.

In the 1960s the new realist movements once again looked at the city from ground level, such as Richard Estes’ famous urban views and the city dwellers portrayed by Richard Lindner; people moving through the streets and around shopping malls. Outside the city but linked to it, Ralston Crawford’s Overseas Highway functions as a symbol of the freedom and independence of the American dream.

Modern Subject

Some artists focused their gaze on city dwellers not as representatives of an urban type but as individuals hidden among the crowd, convinced that it was those individuals’ personal stories that created the beat of the city. The key figures in many of these narratives are women, both in the public and private spheres and reflecting general changes in society. This is evident in the work of Winslow Homer in the late 19th century and Edward Hopper in the 20th century, artists who presented their particular vision of urban reality as a symbol of modern man’s isolation; or in the work of Raphael Soyer who depicted the new roles occupied by women, either at work or as the targets of new consumer practices. Another dimension to the modern subject appears in the paintings of Arshile Gorky, expressed through a style midway between Surrealist automatism and Expressionist gestural freedom; and in those of Willem de Kooning who reflected the dynamic energy of human beings. 

Leisure and Urban Culture

In parallel to the industrial revolution the concept of leisure emerged in large cities and people could now devote the free time gained by shorter working hours to rest and entertainment. The creation of the first public parks and the increasing popularity of walking in the countryside or on nearby beaches - an escape mechanism for city dwellers - became the subject of scenes by Winslow Homer and the Impressionists Childe Hassam, John Sloan and William Merritt Chase, among others.

At a later date amusement parks and street music would inspire Ben Shahn, who aimed to portray his country’s social reality. From the early 20th century music became extremely important in American life. Of all the new musical forms it was jazz - which was Afro-American in origin and can be seen as the result of that urban cultural interchange - which undoubtedly became most popular and inspired numerous artists including Arthur Dove, Stuart Davis and even Jackson Pollock. Even at the start of the century music was a model for various painters such as Marsden Hartley and John Marin, who saw musical analogies as an alternative unconnected with appearances.

4. MATERIAL CULTURE

This section analyses the renewed attention that material culture has received in American art, organised into three sub-sections:

Voluptas

The celebration of life and the senses through pictorial representation, summarised in the Latin word “voluptas”, begins with various still lifes, from the most traditional example, such as the 19th-century example by Paul Lacroix, to the most innovative ones by Stuart Davis, an artist who aspired to create a national, modern art through the everyday. Other painters including Charles Demuth, Georgia O’Keeffe, Lee Krasner and Patrick Henry Bruce also aimed to reconnect art and nature through a formal treatment that started with reality and progressively evolved towards abstraction. In addition, the interaction between the human and non-human became a recurring motif in the still lifes that Pop artists employed to reflect on consumer society, evident in the work of Tom Wesselmann, Roy Lichtenstein and James Rosenquist.

Tempus fugit

Alluding to the passing of time and the inevitability of death is a common device within the genre of still life. Tobacco smoke, spent matches, biscuit crumbs and a newspaper refer to that transitory nature of life in the painting by William Michael Harnett, one of the principal exponents and innovators in this genre in late 19th- and early 20th-century America. Mortality was also a recurring theme for Joseph Cornell, whose assemblages include animals and a range of other motifs such as soap bubbles which are employed to represent the ephemeral nature of life.

Rituals

The different cultural expressions of the country’s indigenous nations were the subject of interest by some foreign artists, such as the Swiss-French Karl Bodmer whose prints offer a visual inventory of the instruments, ritual objects and weapons of the different tribes, depicted both in isolation and in their context in everyday scenes of the village and its outskirts, and in landscapes with sanctuaries and burial grounds. Other artists expressed  nostalgia for that idealised world, such as Frederic Remington who portrayed a romantic idea of the West and its inhabitants




TERRA FOUNDATION FOR AMERICAN ART

The Terra Foundation for American Art is dedicated to fostering exploration, understanding, and enjoyment of the visual arts of the United States for national and international audiences. Recognizing the importance of experiencing original works of art, the Foundation provides opportunities for interaction and study, beginning with the presentation and growth of its own art collection in Chicago. To further cross-cultural dialogue on American art, the Foundation supports and collaborates on innovative exhibitions, research, and educational programs. Implicit in such activities is the belief that art has the potential both to distinguish cultures and to unite them.

EXHIBITION INFORMATION

Title:
American Art from the Thyssen Collection
Organiser:
Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza
With the support of:
Terra Foundation for American Art
With the collaboration of:
Comunidad de Madrid
Venue and dates:
Madrid, Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, 14 December 2021 to 26 June 2022
Curators:
Paloma Alarcó, Head of Modern Paintings at the Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, and Alba Campo Rosillo, Terra Foundation Fellow of American Art.
Publications:
Catalogue with texts by the curators, Paloma Alarcó and Alba Campo Rosillo, by Marta Ruiz del Árbol and Clara Marcellán, curators of Modern Painting at the Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, and by the specialists in American art Wendy Bellion, Kirsten Pai Buick, Catherine Craft, Karl Kusserow, Michael Lobel, David Peters Corbett and Verónica Uribe Hanabergh.
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